Homogeneous reactor development

Levels of Effort on Homogeneous Reactor Development at ORNL... 

The units of rv are moles converted/(volume-time), and rv is identical with the rates employed in homogeneous reactor design. Consequently, the design equations developed earlier for homogeneous reactors can be employed in these terms to obtain estimates of fixed bed reactor performance. Two-dimensional, pseudo homogeneous models can also be developed to allow for radial dispersion of mass and energy. 

FlameMaster v3.3 A C+ + Computer Program for OD Combustion and ID Laminar Flame Calculations. FlameMaster was developed by H. Pitsch. The code includes homogeneous reactor or plug flow reactors, steady counter-flow diffusion flames with potential flow or plug flow boundary conditions, freely propagating premixed flames, and the steady and unsteady flamelet equations. More information can be obtained from http //www.stanford.edu/group/pitsch/Downloads.htm. 

Alpha-Sablin [Alpha Sabic Linde] A process for making linear C4 to C10 -olefins from ethylene. A proprietary homogeneous catalyst is used in a bubble-column reactor. Developed between 1994 and 2001 by Sabic and Linde. One plant was under construction in Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia, in 2005. 

Equation (12-1) is the same as that developed for homogeneous reactors [Eq. (3-12)], except that IF has replaced the reactor volume and Xp is based on a unit mass of catalyst. If the volume of the reaction mixture is constant (constant temperature, pressure, and number of moles), then dx = — (1/Cq) dCi, so that Eq. (12-1) becomes... 

Wimmer (AR. The snap CriUcal Assembly-2 (SCA-2) s a solid, homogeneous reactor used as a research and development, tool in the design of Compact power reactors. The core is built up of 7-in. diamf-in. thick plates of... 

Figure 7.44 Schematic of the suspended tube reactor developed by Arana et al. [558] the silicon slabs served for lateral heat transfer homogeneous combustion took place in the silicon reaction zone.

The critical equation for the bare homogeneous reactor with mono-energetic fission neutrons may be developed from the solutions (6.72). By the usual definition of criticality, we require that the number of neutrons introduced into the system be equal to the number produced by fissions in the subsequent generation. Thus the source function (6.55) may be used to establish the criticality condition. The lethargy integral of (6.55) yields... 

At the Metallurgical Laboratory, the principal motivation of interest in homogeneous reactors was to develop alternate plutonium production facilities to be used in the event that the Hanford reactors did not operate successfully on a suitable large scale, and studies were continued through 1944. With the successful operation of the Hanford reactors, however, interest in homogeneous plutonium producers diminished, and by the end of 1944 very nearly all developmental research had been discontinued. The results of this work are summarized in a book by Kirschenbaum [12]. 

During the period of construction and operation of HRE-1, conceptual design studies were completed for a boiling reactor experiment (BRE) operating at 150 kw of heat and a 58-Mw (heat) intermediate-scale homogeneous reactor (ISHR). Further work on these reactors was deferred late in 1953, however, when it became evident from HRE-1 and the associated development program that construction of a second homogeneous reactor experiment would be a more suitable course of action. 

These advantages stem partly from the fluid nature of the fuel and partly from the homogeneous mixture of the fuel and moderator i.e., an aqueous homogeneous reactor combines the attributes of liquid-fuel heterogeneous reactors with those of water-moderated heterogeneous reactors. If practical methods for handling a radioactive aqueous fuel system are developed, the inherent simplicity of this type of reactor should result in considerable economic gains in the production of nuclear power and fissionable material. 

However, many apparently formidable practical problems are associated with continued operation and maintenance of systems involving radioactive fuel solutions. It is believed, therefore, that extensive experience in a series of small- to large-scale reactor installations will be required to demonstrate the reliability of aqueous homogeneous reactors this will necessitate a long-range development program. In addition, the choice of... 

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