Hogan, Paul

In 1951 Robert Banks and Paul Hogan of Phillips Petroleum discovered that ethylene could be polymerized under rather mild conditions of temperature and pressure to afford high molecular weight polyethylene using chromium trioxide as the catalyst. This invention laid the foundation for both the Phillips and Union Carbide processes for ethylene polymerization (both use heterogeneous chromium catalysts). 

Prescott, Vanessa E., Peter M. Campbell, Andrew Moore, Joerg Mattes, Marc E. Rothenberg, Paul S. Foster, T. J. V. Higgins, and Simon P. Hogan. 2005. Transgenic expression of bean a-amylase inhibitor in peas results in altered structure and immunogenicity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(23) 9023—9030. 

Paul Hogan, Phillips Petroleum Polyolefin catalysts... 

Paul Hogan and Robert Banks (Source ConocoPhillips). 

Polypropylene is developed by Paul Hogan Robert Banks of Phillips The first application of antiperspirant deodorant with a roll-on applicator Karl Ziegler discovers metallic catalysts which greatly improve the strength of polyethylene polymers... 

FIGURE 2 J. Paul Hogan and Robert L. Banks receiving the Perkin Medal in 1987. 

Fig. 2.2 US postal service stamp commemorating Phillips Petroleum Scientists Robert Banks and Paul Hogan...

As we saw previously, polypropylene was first made in June 1951, unintentionally as a solid polymer, by Phillips Petroleum, who were at that time seeking to convert excess refinery gases, ethylene and propylene, to high-octane fuel. Phillips developed their chromium olefin polymerization catalyst for linear polyethylene, but in fact, Phillips never entered the polypropylene manufacturing business. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks recorded the invention of the process by which they produced crystalline polypropylene about an hour after their discovery. As we shall see in more detail below, their January 1953 patent application was issued in March 1983 (32 years after their discovery) [11]. 

US Patent 2825721 Polymers and production thereof John Paul Hogan, Robert L. Banks Phillips Petroleum Company... 

Fortunately, for Phillips Petroleum Co., John Paul Hogan and Robert L. Banks followed up the Baily-Reid investigations and applied for patents on the synthesis of linear polyolefins including polyethylene, pol3q)ropylene and polymethylpentene. In 1951, A. Zletz of Standard Oil of Indiana, working with another classmate of mine, Don Carmody, also patented a low pressure process for making HDPE. 

Details Ziegier deveioped cataiyst which permits poiymerization at low pressure and Natta expiained mechanism in 1951 Paul Hogan and Robert Banks discovered HOPE in 1961 Phillips process (commerciai process used today) was commercialized ... 

Details Paul Hogan and Robert Banks obtained in laboratories of Phillips Petroleum crystalline polypropylene" ... 

In 1951, Robert Banks and J. Paul Hogan at Phillips Petroleum discovered a chromium trioxide-based catalyst, which was a landmark breakthrough in the commercial production of PE at mild temperature and pressure. In 1953, the German chemist Karl Ziegler, who shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1963 with Italian chemist Giulio Natta, developed a catalytic system based on titanium halides and organoaluminum compounds that worked at even milder conditions than the Phillips catalyst. The Phillips catalyst is less expensive and easier to work with, however, and both methods are widely used industrially. 

Paul Hogan and Robert L. Banks (ConocoPhillips, Bartlesville, Oklahoma) had observed the formation of crystalline polypropylene as well as linear polyethylene in 1951 using their own metal oxide catalyst system. In fact, about half a dozen companies filed patent applications in 1953 covering crystalline polypropylene. The consequent, technically complex legal battles for priority extended over a period of three decades. Finally, in 1983, the US patent on crystalline polypropylene was issued to Phillips. Hogan and Banks received the Perkin Medal in 1987 in recognition of their achievement. 

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