Histosol

Dead vegetation also afreets the global carbon cycle. Dead organic matter decomposes, releasing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Rates of decomposition vary with material, location, and climate. Non-woody organic matter decomposes rapidly woody organic matter slowly. Decomposition tends to occur faster at the soil surface than below. Decomposition is relatively fast in warm moist climates. In cold climates and in wetlands, decomposition is so slow that there is a net increase of stored carbon in the soil and organic soils called, "histosols, are formed. 

Histosols All organic soil Wetlands, riparian areas... 

Tundra Cryic Gleysols, Histosols, Humic Podzols North American 18.0 0.15 2.7... 

Cambisols, Albi-Gleyic Luvisols, Gclic and Distric Histosols, Rendzinas and Gclic Rendzinas, Andosols, Gleysols Laurentian 8.5 0.35 3.0... 

Co deficit Everywhere Low content of Co in Podsoluvisols, Podzols, Arenosols and Histosols. The average Co content in plant species is < 5 ppb The decrease of Co content in tissues decrease of vitamin BJ2 in liver (tr.—130 ppm), in tissue (tr.—0.05 ppm), in milk (tr.—3 ppm). Synthesis of vitamin Bi2 and protein is weakened. Cobalt-deficiency and Bj2 vitamin-deficiency. The number of animal diseases is decreasing in raw sheep —cattle — pigs and horses. Low meat and wool productivity and reproduction... 

Cu deficit Everywhere, but especially in Histosols Low content of Cu in Podsoluvisols, Podzols, Arenosols and Histosols. The 30% of forage samples contents Cu < 3 ppm. The 3-fold reduction of Cu content in blood, 30-40-fold, in liver n x 10-fold increase of Fe in liver. The synthesis of oxidation ferments is depressed. The anemia of sheep and cattle was shown... 

Cu + Co deficit Especially in Swamp ecosystems Low content of Cu and Co in Podsoluvisols, Podzols, Arenosols and Histosols. Declining contents of Cu and Co in forage species (Cu from 3 to 0.7 ppm, Co < 5 ppb) Depressed synthesis of BJ2 vitamin and oxidation ferments. Cobalt-deficiency and B12 vitamin-deficiency complicated by Cu deficiency. The prevalent diseases of sheep and cattle... 

Zelazny LW, Carlisle VW (1974) In Aandall AR, Buol SW, Hill OE, Barely HH (eds) Histosols - their characteristics, classification and use. SSSA Spec. Publ. 6, Am Soc Agron, Madison, WI, p 63... 

Histosols (Histosols) have high organic matter throughout the profile. 

Except in some coastal soils, histosols, acid sulfate soils, and soils artificially amended with sulfate, the total amount of sulfate present is usually small in... 

Soil orders Alf, alfisol And, andisol Cam, cambisol Gley, gleysol Hist, histosol Inc, inceptisol Moll, mollisol Ox, oxisol Spod, spodosol Ult, ultisol. 

The development of electrophoretic techniques afforded possibilities for fractionations based on charge density differences. Duxbury (1989) has reviewed applications of different electrophoretic separation methods, including zone electrophoresis, moving boundary electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Preparative column electrophoresis (Clapp, 1957) and continuous flow paper electrophoresis (Hayes, 1960 summarized by Hayes et al., 1985) methods have been used to separate components isolated from sapric histosol soils. These techniques allowed separation of polysaccharides from the colored components the electrophoretograms of the colored components were diffuse, showing a continuum of components of different charge densities. 

Hayes (1960) observed that products from heating glucose with glycine in aqueous media under reflux conditions had some compositional properties and reactivities similar to those of the HAs isolated in aqueous base from a sapric histosol. The techniques used for the comparisons included differential thermal analysis (DTA) (see Figure 1.2). However, that work was done before the introduction of NMR to such studies. 

Figure 1.2. Differential thermal analysis for the humic acid fraction isolated in NaOH from a sapric histosol (1), from the acid precipitate isolated from products of the reaction of meth-ylglyoxal with glycine (2), and from the acid precipitate formed from the reaction of glucose with glycine (3), alkali lignin (4), casein (5), lignin-casein 3 1 complex (6), and lignin-casein 6 1 complex (7).

Figure 1.5. Relationship between the frictional ratio (/// ,m) and the molecular weight for different humic acid fractions isolated from a sapric histosol. The line is the theoretically derived relationship between frictional ratio and molecular weight for a randomly coiled polymer. After Cameron et al. (1972).

Beyer, L., Sorge, C., Blume, H.-R, and Schulten, H.-R. (1995). Soil organic matter composition and transformation in gelic histosols of coastal continental Antarctica. Soil Biol Biochem. 27,1279-1288. 

Histosol Gr. histos, tissue Bog soils, organic soils, peat, and muck. No climatic distinctions... 

Histosols Soils dominated by organic matter in 50% or more of profile... 

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