Histology of Skin

Stratum Corneum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale 

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Baker TJ, Gordon HL, Mosienko P, et al (1974) Longterm histological study of skin after chemical face peeling. Plast Reconstr Surg 53 522... 

The hair of the back of the head was mechanically removed from an area of 3 x 4 cm under ether anaesthesia. The skin was dissected to the fascia. After the operation the wound was daily treated with a 5% ointment consisting of the appropriate silatrane and a vaseline-lanolin base until complete microscopic healing. The wounds of the control animals were covered only with the vaseline-lanolin mixture. The other control group was not treated at all. The wounds were examined daily and measured until complete healing. Then the animals were killed. From the wound area a piece of skin was taken for a histological analysis. 

Boucaud, A., et al. 2001. Clinical, histologic, and electron microscopy study of skin exposed to low-frequency ultrasound. Anat Rec 264 114. 

Hind paws are cut of at the hips, as it is of great importance to keep the knee joint intact for histological analysis. Skin is removed. 

Figure 7. (a) HE histology of human skin. Image size (0.53x0.4) mm2 (b) Longitudinal... 

Forslind, B. et al., Aspects on the physiology of human skin. Studies using particle probe analysis. (Invited and accepted paper to special issue of MRT on the molecular histology of the skin), Microsc. Res. Techniq., 38, 373, 1998. 

Elastin is typically considered as an amorphous protein consisting of random chain sequences connected by a helical regions. The elastin content varies in elastic fibers such as those found in skin. Elastic fibers are termed oxytalan fibers in the upper dermal layer of skin and they are termed elaunin fibers in the deeper dermis where their elastin content is higher. In vessel wall elastic fibers have recently been differentiated based on histological staining patterns suggesting that differences in mechanical properties of different vessel walls may in part be due to differences in elastin... 

Biotin deficiency and the functional deficiency associated with lack of holo-carboxylase synthetase (Section 11.2.2.1), or biotinidase (Section 11.2.3.1), causes alopecia (hair loss) and a scaly erythematous dermatitis, especially around the body orifices. The dermatitis is similar to that seen in zinc and essential fatty acid deficiency and is commonly associated with Candida albicans infection. Histology of the skin shows an absence of sebaceous glands and atrophy of the hair follicles. The dermatitis is because of impaired metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a result of low activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase (Section 11.2.1.1). In biotin-deficient experimental animals, provision of supplements of long-chain 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents the development of skin lesions (Mock et al., 1988a, 1988b Mock, 1991). 

Urmacher, C. Histology of normal skin. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 74 671-686 (1990). Schultz. Basic principles of membrane transport, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1969. 

Numerous reports, which rely chiefly on histochemical tests, have indicated that in pathological states of skin, especially in inflammation and malignancies, there is an increase in the level of acid mucopolysaccharides. High mucopolysaccharide contents of biopsy skin sections were demonstrated in chronic lupus (MIO) and in some cases of venous edema (Zl)j in scleroderma, however, the mucopolysaccharide content of the affected skin was low (MIO). Skin lesions from patients with lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, lichen sclerosus et atro-phicus, and poikiloderma showed significant increases in material which was stained histochemically (S20). In two cases of urticaria pigmentosa, hyaluronic acid was found in the histologically abundant mast cells (II) injection of hyaluronidase into the involved skin areas apparently cured the patients. An increased concentration of acid mucopolysaccharides has been obseri ed in sun-damaged skin (G5, SI, S12, S18). 

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