Highly unsaturated fatty acids HUFA

In experimental assay systems, free fatty acids (FFAs) destroy red blood cells and show hemolytic activity (39). Free fatty acids, especially the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) contained in the raphidophyte flagellates, have been implicated as one of the causative substances that damage the epithelial tissues of the fish gills. 

The phospholipase A2 (PLAi) series of enzymes remove fatty acids, usually highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) from the Sn2 position of phospholipids, creating a free HUFA and a lysophospholipid (LyPL), a phospholipid without a fatty acid at the Sn2 position (Fig. 1). There are many PLA2 enzymes, but in the brain the most important ones are the calcium-dependent and calcium-independent cytosolic PLA2S (cPL A2S) (Horrobin... 

Elovl-2 (formerly denoted as Ssc2) is involved in the biosynthesis of the n - 3 and n - 6 series of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). Expression studies in yeast demonstrated that Elovl-2 is able to efficiently elongate 20- and 22-carbon PUFA but is unable to elongate 18-carbon SFA, MUFA, and PUFA. Elovl-2 is predominantly expressed in the testis, a tissue in which HUFA are synthesized in high levels (A. Leonard, 2(X)2). 

Baker s yeast is also a common feed. However, yeast contains less highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), which results in rotifers with inferior nutritional quahty for the larvae compared to microalgae fed rotifers (Con-geicao et /., 2010). This is especially important for marine larvae as marine fish are not able to synthesize eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa-hexaenoic acid DHA themselves from linolenic acid (for a review see Tocher, 2010). The nutritional composition of the rotifers can be adjusted through enrichment (i.e. inclusion of specific nutrients/chemicals essential to the larvae). There are many formulated feeds on the market that are... 

Abbreviations a-BFAs anteiso-branched fatty acids AGP acyl carrier protein BHLH active soluble domain of SREBP CNS central nervous system DSD delta 5 desaturase D6D delta 6 desaturase ER endoplasmic reticulum Hik histidine kinase HUFA highly unsaturated fatty acid LXR liver X receptor MUFA monounsaturated fatty add NF-Y nuclear factor Y PLs phospholipids PP peroxisome proliferator PPAR PP-activated receptor PPRE PP response element PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA-BP PUFA binding protein PUFA-RE PUFA response element RXR retinoid X receptor SCAP SREBP cleavage-activating protein SCD steraroyl CoA desaturase SFA saturated fatty acid SRE sterol response... 

---