Higher-Range Petroleum Fractions

FIGURE 4.13 Ternary diagram showing relative percentages of normal alkanes, branched- 

FIGURE 4.14 Additional aromatic compounds, sulfur, and sterene distribution based on gas chromatograph results. 

FIGURE 4.15 Star diagram for LNAPL (a) and associated groundwater (b). 

Analytical Results for Two LNAPL Samples from Adjacent Sites and Regular and Premium Unleaded Gasoline 

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For example, if gasoline is suspected to be the sole contaminant, the method will use purge-and-trap sample introduction. If higher-boiling petroleum fractions (diesel, middle distillates, motor oil) are the contaminants, the analysis will use direct injection and hotter oven temperatures. Mixtures or unknown contamination may require both volatile range and extractable range analyses. Alternatively, a single injection can be used to analyze the entire sample, but the extraction method must not use a solvent evaporation step. 

A thin, volatile oil distilled from petroleum, with a boiling range higher than that of gasoline and lower than that of diesel fuel. Kerosene was once used in lanterns and heaters, but now most of this petroleum fraction is further refined for use as jet fuel. (p. 98)... 

Ligrotn, V.M. P. naphtha varnish makers and painters naphtha refined solvent naphtha solvent naphtha Benzoline Canadol. Term rhat has been applied to petroleum fractions of the same nature as described for petroleum benzin, q.v.. but of higher density, higher boiling range and higher flash pr. Defined by ASTM prior to 1950 as synonymous with petroleum benzin and petroleum ether ASTM standard specification D 288-49, 865-867 (1949),... 

The chief sources of the paraffins are natural gas and petroleum. Petroleum (also called crude oil ) is a complex mixture of paraffins that can he separated by a process called distillation into fractions according to their boiling range. The C1-C4 paraffins under normal conditions are gases, C5-C17 are liquids, and Cig and higher are solids. Paraffins serve many uses to help mankind. Perhaps most importantly, they are the building blocks from which most of our industrial organic chemicals are manufactured. 

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