Higher plant growth

Evidence for or against roles of LOX and their products in higher plant growth, development, storage product and secondary metabolite accumulation and senescence is reviewed below. LOX/LOX products also have clear roles in plant resistance to pests as reviewed in Chapter 7. 

Cobalt is one of twenty-seven known elements essential to humans (28) (see Mineral NUTRIENTS). It is an integral part of the cyanocobalamin [68-19-9] molecule, ie, vitamin B 2> only documented biochemically active cobalt component in humans (29,30) (see Vitamins, VITAMIN Vitamin B 2 is not synthesized by animals or higher plants, rather the primary source is bacterial flora in the digestive system of sheep and cattle (8). Except for humans, nonmminants do not appear to requite cobalt. Humans have between 2 and 5 mg of vitamin B22, and deficiency results in the development of pernicious anemia. The wasting disease in sheep and cattle is known as bush sickness in New Zealand, salt sickness in Florida, pine sickness in Scotland, and coast disease in AustraUa. These are essentially the same symptomatically, and are caused by cobalt deficiency. Symptoms include initial lack of appetite followed by scaliness of skin, lack of coordination, loss of flesh, pale mucous membranes, and retarded growth. The total laboratory synthesis of vitamin B 2 was completed in 65—70 steps over a period of eleven years (31). The complex stmcture was reported by Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin in 1961 (32) for which she was awarded a Nobel prize in 1964. 

Regulation of Plant Growth by Constituents from Higher Plants... 

Ecotoxological Algal growth inhibition 21 day Daphnia toxicity Prolonged toxicity to fish Bioaccumulation in fish Prolonged biodegradation Effect on higher plants Effect on earthworms... 

We hypothesize that the fundamental processes of cell wall expansion are conserved in all higher plants, that is, growth of the cells of all higher plants requires the synthesis and insertion of the same polysaccharides by the same procedures. If this hypothesis is correct, then all primary cell walls have a common set of stmctural polysaccharides. The commonality of the primary cell wall polysaccharides hypothesis does not require that (i) the common polysaccharides be present in all cell walls in the same proportions, (ii) the polysaccharides be... 

The term allelopathy was coined by Molisch in 1937 Q). Presently, the term generally refers to the detrimental effects of higher plants of one species (the donor) on the germination, growth, or development of plants of another species (the recipient). Allelopathy can be separated from other mechanisms of plant interference because the detrimental effect is exerted through release of chemical inhibitors (allelochemicals) by the donor species. Microbes associated with the higher plants may also play a role in production or release of the inhibitors (2). 

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