Higher order derivative spectrophotometry

Talsky [1] has used higher order derivative Spectrophotometry to determine aniline in soil. 

Talsky [1] illustrated the practical use of higher-order derivative spectrophotometry in estimating pollutants in soils by detailed descriptions of the simultaneous estimation of aniline in waste water, phenol in soils and the study of nickel adsorbed on to bentonite powder. 

High purity rare earth oxides have been extensively applied as the starting materials of various functional materials. The determination of individual rare earths in high purity rare earth oxides is becoming an important but difficult task. Higher order derivative spectrophotometry has been utilized for the simultaneous determination of Dy, Ho, and Er in high purity rare earth oxides [57]. This method is simple and also reliable and it can detect rare earths of 0.001 to 0.2 %. Details are also described in Chapter 8 by Rao. 

With Lothar Mayring and Hans Kreuzer. Higher-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry for the Fine Resolution of UV/VIS Spectra . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 17, (1978) 532-533. 

With Jan Dostal, Margot Glasbrenner, and Sybill Gotz-Maler. Higher-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry for Studying and Characterization of Proteins and other native and synthetic Macromolecules . Angew. Macromol. Chem. 105, (1982) 49-59. 

Higher-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry in Environmental Analytical Chemistry . 12th Annual Symposium on the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants (April 14.-16. 1982, Amsterdam) Abstracts p 133. 

With Jan Dostal. Problems in Molecular Weight Determiantion of Proteins by Gel Permeation Chromatography and Applications of Higher-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry (HODS) . J, Chromatogr. 282, (1983) 487-494. 

With Sibylle Tichy. Higher-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry for the Quantitative Determination of Tryptophan, Tyrosin, and Phenylalanine in T vo- and Three-Component Mixtures, Peptides, and Proteins , in Progress in TYyptophan and Serotonin Research, edited by H. G. Schlossberger, W. Kochen, B. Linzen, H. Steinhart, 95-102 and 129. Berlin, New York Walter de Gruyter u. Co., 1984. 

With Maja Ristic-Solajic. High-Resolution/Higher-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry (HODS) for Identification and quantitative Estimation of Synthetic Pigments . Proceedings 10th International Symposium on Microchemical Techniques, Antwerp (25-29 August 1986), p 216. 

With Xiashi Zhu and Johannes Hintermayer. Higher-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry - An Excellent Tool for the Deconvolution of Superposed Signals , in ISTRY, Future Prospects of Tryptophan in Medicin" (22.-23. November 1991, Heidelberg). Congress Reports, p. 89. W Kochen and H. Steinhart (Ed.), Universitats-Kinderklinik Heidelberg. 

With Xiashi Zhu and Johannes Hintermayer. Higher-order derivative spectrophotometry — an excellent tool for the deconvolution of superposed signals (Application to analysis of L-tryp-tophan) , in Current Prospects of L-Tryptophan in Medizin and Drug Safety. W. Kochen, H. Steinhart (Ed.), Walter de Gruyter Co., Berlin, 1994, pp. 337-347. 

This book is intended to provide an introduction to low- and higher-order derivative spectrophotometry for chemists, biochemists, food chemists, pharmacists, and physicists, as well as industrial chemists and other scientists dealing with the quantitative estimation and analysis of substances. To this date the topic has been reviewed in the literature, but as of yet no specific handbook or monograph exists that provides the theoretical background and the practical instructions necessary for using this highly efficient analytical technique. 

In derivative Spectrophotometry the absorbance (AJ of a sample is differentiated with respect to wavelength (A) to generate the first, second, or higher order derivatives... 

Molecular absorption spectrophotometry Higher order derivative molecular absorption spectrophotometry... 

Previously, UV-VIS spectrophotometry was used preferably for quantitative estimations of concentrations of known substances at constant wavelength, because the fundamental spectra are mostly flat and are less characteristic than IR spectra, for example. However, higher-order derivatives now allow for an enhancement of the sensitiveness by a factor of 10-100 or more as well as a characterization of the substances by providing fingerprints, even in complex mixtures. This is very important for ultramicroanalysis. Therefore, the bulk of papers concerning differentiation technique deals with UV-VIS spectra. It is also the reason why in this book the field of UV-VIS spectra is treated in detail. 

The derivative spectrophotometry methods provide higher selectivity and higher sensitivity than do the methods based on normal (zero-order) absorption spectra. The increase in selectivity (with reduction or elimination of the effect of the spectrum of one substance on the spectrum of another one) results from reducing the band-width in the derivative spectra. An appropriate order of derivative spectrum may give complete separation of the spectra owing to the corresponding components of the system). 

Trivalent cations of REE in aqueous solutions, acidified with HCl, HNO3, or HCIO4, absorb in the UV or VIS. The absorption bands are narrow, with sharp, non-overlapping peaks, but the molar absorptivities are rather small (1-10), and individual species of REE can be determined at concentrations of the order of 1 mg/ml [120]. Higher sensitivities are obtained after the ions have been converted into EDTA complexes [121]. The determination can be made more selective and sensitive by the use of the derivative spectrophotometry techniques [122-124]. Neodymium and erbium have been determined in the mixtures of REE by the derivative spectrophotometry technique using ferron and diethylamine [ 125]. 

More complex mixtures can be analyzed in a similar way providing that there are no deviations from Beer s law. Derivative spectrophotometry can also be used to mathematically process the data after acquisition in order to improve spectral resolution in multi-component systems. In this approach the zero-order spectrum is derivatized to give first order (dA/dA) or higher plots of the rate of change of absorbance against absorbance. 

With Oskar Nuyken. Polymer Analysis by Higher-Order UV/VIS-Derivative Spectrophotometry . Polymer Bulletin 2, (1980) 719-726. 

With Sybill GOtz-Maler. High-Resolution, Higher-Order UV/VIS-Derivative Spectrophotometry in Microchemistry . Abstracts 8th International Microchemical Symposium Nature, Aim and Methods of Microchemistry (25-30 Aug. 1980, Graz) edited by G. Kainz, Druck L. Wetzl, Deutsch-Wagram/Wolkersdorf, 1980 p 257. 

With Margot Glasbrenner and Sybill Gotz-Maler. Higher-Order UV/VIS Derivative Spectrophotometry for the Study and Characterization of Proteins and other Macromolecules . International Symposium on Macromolecules, lUPAC Macro Florence 1980, Preprints Vol. 2, (7-12 Sept. 1980). Druck Litographia Felici, Pisa, 1980 pp 441-444. 

With Ernst Ewald Kohler. The Application of Higher-Order UV/VIS Derivative Spectrophotometry to the Study of Clay Minerals . 183rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, (April 28-May 2, 1982, Las Vegas). Washington DC American Chemical Society, 1982 Vol. Abstr. No. 205. 

With Maja Ristid-Solajic. Higher-Order Reflectance Derivative Spectrophotometry of Synthetic Organic Pigments in Artists Paints . Anal. Chim. Acta 226, (1989) 293-304. 

With Robert Schmid and Maja Ristid-Solajid. Higher-Order Reflection Derivative Spectrophotometry - a Tool for Non-Destructive Microanalysis . Proceedings 11th International Symposium on Microchemical Ibchniques (Wiesbaden 28 August-1 Sept. 1989). In Fresenins Z. Anal Chem. 334, (1989) 699. 

Derivative spectrophotometry low and higher order / Gerhard Talsky. - Weinheim Basel Switzerland Cambridge New York, NY Tokyo VCH, 1994 ISBN 3-527-28294-7... 

Multidimensional spectroscopy and derivative spectroscopy When bands of reactants and reaction products overlap in the fundamental UV-visible absorption spectra the reaction kinetics cannot be followed by the classic UV method. In many cases, the second derivative UV-visible spectrophotometry (D-2) provides an alternative method to solve the problem. Even-order derivatives are suitable to follow kinetics because the maxima in the UV-visible derivative spectrum can be associated with the minima and a low-noise online spectra is obtained which can be computed up to the 6th order derivative and even up to the 10th order with the newly developed computers. On the other hand, the first derivative does not provide the above association and other higher odd-order derivatives are less precise, though in practice it has proved valuable to work with spectra of the 3rd and 5th order. 

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