High timed injection

M. Nuti, M Variable Timing Electronically Controlled High Pressure Injection System for 2S S.I Engines, SAE 900799, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1990. 

All these type assembly methods usually require the same time to perform as placing inserts in the mold, but they also lower IMM time. There are several other means of accomplishing the desired result that depend on the circumstances at hand. In any event, conventional molded-in inserts usually prove costlier. There are highly automatic injection molding machines available designed just for insert molding that will reverse the cost. 

Crystallization of PCT is relatively rapid, but because of its higher Tg (90 °C) the maximum rate of crystallization occurs at a higher temperature than is typical of other crystalline polymers such as PET (Tg at about 70 °C) or PBT (Tg at about 35 °C). Figure 7.2 compares the crystallization half-times of PET and PCT from both the glass and the melt (data were obtained via DSC measurements). The effect of the higher Tg on the temperature of maximum crystallization rate (i.e. minimum half-time) is most clearly seen in the data from the melt. The basic rapid crystallization rate of PCT allows it to be used as a high-performance injection molding material. 

The reason for this system failure was that the importance of a reliable temperature measurement for triggering the inhibitor injection was duly recognized during the risk analysis and an especially thick tube was installed for the temperature probe, providing a high mechanical resistance. .. but also a high time constant for the thermometer Hence, as the temperature probe reached... 

The basic components of an HPLC system are (1) a pump with a constant flow control (2) a high-pressure injection valve (3) a chromatographic column (4) a detector and (5) a strip-chart recorder or a data system for measuring peak areas and retention times. Calibration standards are prepared at various concentrations and the retention times and peak areas of the analytes are compared against the standard solutions of analytes for their identifications and quantitations. 

After the WAG flood and before the ASPF flood, the pilot area was flooded again by water. From January 1,1997 to February 24,1997, 0.067 PV of water was injected. By the end of waterflood, the water cut was 94.2%, and the recovery factor was 50.58%. From February 25, 1997, the ASPF flood was injected until May 2002. By that time, gas injection was stopped because the injection pressure was too high for injection pumps. Because the reservoir pressure was already high, to be able to drill neighboring wells, gas injection had to be terminated. Therefore, the injected gas/hquid ratio was 0.34 1, which was much lower than the designed 1 1. 

Dietary levels of selenium and the individual s selenium nutritional status are the most important factors that influence the route and rate of selenium excretion. Selenium excretion in expired air is only significant when exposures to selenium are high. Rats injected subcutaneously with sodium selenite at doses of 2.2-5.4 mg selenium/kg excreted 41-62% of the administered selenium in exhaled air, whereas rats injected with sodium selenite at doses of 0.005-0.9 mg selenium/kg excreted only 0.2-11% of the administered selenium in expired air (McConnell and Roth 1966 Olson et al. 1963). As the amount of administered sodium selenite increased, the percent of the administered selenium excreted in the urine decreased (from approximately 22-33% of the administered selenium at doses of 0.005-0.9 mg selenium/kg to 3-14% of the administered selenium at doses of 3.1-5.4 mg selenium/kg) (McConnel and Roth 1966). Selenium in the feces was not measured in this study. Burk et al. (1972) found that as the dietary level of sodium selenite was increased, a larger proportion of an injected tracer dose of selenium (as sodium selenite) was excreted. At a dietary level of 0.005 mg selenium/kg, approximately 60% of the injected selenium had been excreted in the first 35 days following administration. At a dietary level of 0.05 mg selenium/kg, over 94% of the injected selenium had been excreted over the same period of time. 

The middle seventies saw the advent of high-speed injection molding. For thin wall parts, the production rate was limited by the hydraulic response of the machine. Nitrogen assist accumulators help inject the melt to reduce the overall cycle time. The early seventies also saw the introduction of co-injection molding. In this process a first melt is injected and cooled. The cavity is rotated and the second melt is injected to form the finished part. Usually both injections use the same material but a different color. The process is extensively used for calculator keys where the different colors eliminate a printing step. 

With commercial hydrated limes (BET surface area about 15 m /g), and under optimum conditions, the high temperature injection process can remove 50 to 65 % of the sulfur dioxide, using a Ca to S stoichiometric ratio of 2.0, and given a residence time of about 500milli seconds at above 850 °C [29.5]. 

The recombination lifetime is the average time an excess electron-hole pair (ehp) exists. It is frequently referred to as the minority carrier lifetime when minority carriers dominate the recombination process. This is generally true under low-level injection conditions when the minority carrier concoitration is small compared to the equilibrium majority carrier concentration. For high level injection, it is no longer the minority carrier lifetime, but the combined minority-majority carrier lifetime that dominates. We will use the general term recombination lifetime to cover all of these possibilities. 

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