High temperature overview

Dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutylene is highly endothermic and the reactions are conducted at high temperatures (535—650°C) so the fuel consumption is sizeable. Eor the catalytic processes, the product separation section requires a compressor to facHitate the separation of hydrogen, methane, and other light hydrocarbons from-the paraffinic raw material and the olefinic product. An exceHent overview of butylenes is avaHable (81). 

Sol-gel techniques have been widely used to prepare ceramic or glass materials with controlled microstructures. Applications of the sol-gel method in fabrication of high-temperature fuel cells are steadily reported. Modification of electrodes, electrolytes or electrolyte/electrode interface of the fuel cell has been also performed to produce components with improved microstructures. Recently, the sol-gel method has expanded into inorganic-organic hybrid membranes for low-temperature fuel cells. This paper presents an overview concerning current applications of sol-gel techniques in fabrication of fuel cell components. 

Hydrogen Production with Very High-Temperature Reactor 4.4.1 Overview of the Very High-Temperature Reactor... 

This review limits itself to the treatment of high-temperature thermochemical biomass conversion technologies. There are very good overviews of biological conversion technologies for hydrogen production, for example, Ni et al.13 and Zaborsky.29... 

All of the examples of PEMs discussed within Section 3.3 unhl now have been composed of only one polymer system without any other compounds present—be they small molecules, polymers, or solid-state materials. A wide variety of different polymer blend and composite PEMs has been made. However, in this section, only a brief overview highlighting some of the more interesting examples that have been reported in the literature will be presented. Eor discussion, these types of PEMs have been divided into three categories polymer blends, ionomer-filled porous substrates and reinforced PEMs, and composite PEMs for high-temperature operation and alternative proton conductors. 

Ftfore 6.11. Cieneial overview of the relative stability of the f.c.c. and b.c.c. phases in pure Fe (a) over the whole temperature range (Miodownik 1978b) and (b) in the critical high-temperature region between the two critical points denoted A3 and A4, based on the work of Daiken and Smith (1951), Weiss and Tauer (1956), Bendick and Peppeihoff (1982) and... 

The long-term stability of a sensor that is to be used at high temperature and in corrosive atmospheres can be affected by many parameters. An overview of these is presented in this section. 

We end this book with an overview of a topic that has immense promise but is still in the laboratory stage of development, namely, high temperature superconductivity.22 24 Since superconductivity is intimately related to magnetic phenomena in solids, a brief consideration of magnetochemistry25 is prerequisite. 

It is outside the scope of the present book to provide a comprehensive overview of high-temperature gas-phase chemistry. While our discussion of combustion chemistry will be relatively thorough, the coverage of other high-temperature processes is more sparse. More information on high-temperature chemistry can be found in relevant review articles and textbooks, for example, Refs. [107,138,274,275,277,412,427],... 

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