High speed countercurrent chromatography purification

Inoue, K., E. Baba, T. Hino, and H. Oka. 2012. A strategy for high-speed countercurrent chromatography purification of specific antioxidants from natural products based on on-line HPLC method with radical scavenging assay. Food Chemistry 134(4) 2276-2282. 

Degenhardt, A., Knapp, H., and Winterhalter, P, Separation and purification of anthocyanins by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and screening for antioxidant activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 338, 2000. 

Ma, X. et al.. Preparative isolation and purification of two isoflavones from Astragalus membra-naceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 992, 193, 2003. 

A. Weisz, Separation and purification of dyes by conventional high-speed countercurrent chromatography and pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography, in High-Speed Counter-current Chromatography (Y. Ito and W. D. Conway, eds.), John Wiley Sons, New York, 1996, pp. 337-384. 

This entry succinctly presents the application of high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) in its various forms to the separation and purification of synthetic dyes used in food, drugs, and cosmetics. 

High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) are two very promising chromatographic techniques which have been successfully applied to the purification of natural products. 

Liang, J., He, J., Zhu, S., Zhao, W, Zhang, Y, Ito, Y, Sun, W Preparative isolation and purification of iridoid glycosides from Fructus Comi by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Tech. 36(8), 983-999 (2013)... 

One of the most effective methods for the separation and purification of preparative amounts of dyes and of their subsidiary colours is high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) (Conway, 1990 Ito, 1996), both in its conventional and in its modified modes. A general approach to the separation of dyes by HSCCC is presented in Figure 4.2.4. The experimental conditions for this approach were given earlier (Weisz and Ito, 2000). 

Weisz A., 1996, High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography, Separation and Purification of Dyes by Conventional High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography and pH-Zone-Refining Countercurrent Chromatography, Chemical Analysis Series, Vol. 132, Eds. Y. Ito and W. D. Conway, Wiley, New York. 

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a liquid-liquid partition technique that eliminates various complications arising from the use of solid supports. The highspeed CCC, the most advanced form in terms of partition efficiency and separation time, has been used for the separation and purification of a wide variety of natural products. The recent model of high-speed CCC, which facilitates the stationary phase retention for polar solvent systems, is particularly useful for the separation of hydrophilic, highly polymerized procyanidins. 

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC), because it uses no solid support in the separation colmnn, is particularly suitable for the separation and purification of peptides which often present a problem of irreversible adsorption onto solid supports. Since the 1970s, the horizontal flowthrough coil planet centrifuge (CPC) has been used for the separation of a variety of natural and synthetic peptides. High-speed which was developed in the 1980s,... 

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