High robotic system

As already mentioned above, a different strategy to achieve high throughput in microwave-assisted reactions can be realized by performing automated sequential microwave synthesis in monomode microwave reactors. Since it is currently not feasible to have more than one reaction vessel in a monomode microwave cavity, a robotic system has been integrated into a platform that moves individual reaction... 

Laser nephelometry is based on measuring the turbidity of an aqueous medium after adding a fixed amount of solution of a compound in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).41 Dehring et al.42 described an automated robotic system with laser-based nephelometry for high-throughput kinetic aqueous... 

MS has recently been used to measure compounds with significant levels of impurities and solubilities below the quantitation limits of other methods. Guo et al.46 described the use of LC/MS for solubility measurements in buffer solutions in a 96-well plate. Fligge et al.47 discussed an automated high-throughput method for classification of compound solubility. They integrated a Tecan robotic system for sample preparation in 384-well plates and fast LC/MS for concentration measurement. This approach is limited by LC/MS throughput. 

Figure 3 (A) Robot system for lipofection screening (A) Worktable with racks for microplates, buffer reservoirs, plastic, and glass vials. (B) Four tip liquid handling arm. (C) Gripper for transport of microplates and glass test tubes. (D) High power water bath sonicator. ( ) Nitrogen evaporator. (F) Microplate washer. (G) Absorbance reader. (H) Luminescence reader. (/) Transparent hood. (/) CO2 incubator with pneumatic door (from the rear, front view in B). (B) Self-constructed robotic conveyor for the transport of cell culture plates from the incubator to the worktable.

Drug discovery scientists have already adopted tools such as combinatorial chemistry synthesizers robotic systems for high-throughput screening (HTS) and software... 

Once the robotic system and procedure passed the optimization and reproducibility tests for a certain type of reaction, the researcher has the chance to move on to the most delightful part of a high-throughput experimentation workflow that is to follow the reaction kinetics of the reaction by withdrawing several samples under comparable conditions. The characterization of these samples allows the determination of the apparent rate constants and activation energies in a very reproducible way. As an example, the anionic polymerization of St in cyclohexane initiated by i-BuLi under different reaction conditions was investigated. Several samples were withdrawn during the reaction into small vials which were prefllled with 25 pL of... 

High-level waste — Efficient separation and robotic system... 

A slightly more complex HPLC analysis of oral contraceptive tablets for content uniformity has been described [65]. The analysis was automated because it represented a high proportion of the laboratory workload, it was relatively routine, and it would reduce contact with steroids, therefore minimizing health risks. The last point was emphasized by placing the robotic system in a room separate from the main laboratory, with the controller outside the room. This is significantly different from the approach followed by many users of laboratory robotics, who often place the system in a main laboratory area. The robotic system performs the following steps, after the operator places the tablets into tubes in racks located on the robot table ... 

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