High-collision energy

Flynn G W, Michaels C A, Tapalian C, Lin Z, Sevy E and Muyskens M A 1997 Infrared laser snapshots vibrational, rotational and translational energy probes of high energy collision dynamics Highly Excited Molecules Relaxation, Reaction, and Structure ed A Mullin and G Schatz (Washington, DC ACS)... 

The anion 19 has been generated by high-energy collision of the p-pentazoylphenolate anion with an inert gas [109] and by laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy of sohd p-dimethylaminophenylpentazole [110]. N AsP, NjSbF, and [Nj]jSnF have been used by Gordon, Christe et al. [Ill] in their attanpt to observe N F. 

Chemical combustion is initiated by the oxidation or thermal decomposition of a fuel molecule, thereby producing reactive radical species by a chain-initiating mechanism. Radical initiation for a particular fuel/oxygen mixture can result from high-energy collisions with other molecules (M) in the system or from hydrogen-atom abstraction by 02or other radicals, as expressed in reactions 6.1-6.3 ... 

Nizigiyimana, L. Rajan, P.K. Haemers, A. Claeys, M. Derrick, P.J. Mechanistic Aspects of High-Energy Collision-Induced Dissociation Proximate to the Charge in Saturated Fatty Acid n-Butyl Esters Ca-tionized With Lithium. Evidence for Hydrogen Radical Removal. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 11, 1808-1812. 

Griffiths WJ, Alvelius G, Liu S, Sjovall J (2004) High-energy collision-induced dissociation of oxosteroids derivatised to Girard hydrazones. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester, Eng) 10 63-88... 

Table 13.3 lists some values of P. They are all less than 1 because the steric requirement reduces the probability of reaction. For collisions between complex species, the steric requirement may be severe, and P is very small. Then the reaction rate is considerably less than the rate at which high-energy collisions occur. 

Kaplan et al. (1993) have carried out classical trajectory calculations of high energy collisions of He+ and Li+ with C60 in free space and on an iron substrate. The simulations demonstrate the implantation of He+ to form endohedral He+C60 at various energies, but Li+ collisions with C60 do not form Li+C60. For Li+C60, the authors found insertion and fragmentation to form Li+C54 and Li +c56. The authors studied the yields as functions of incident energy, incident angle, point of impact, and whether the C60 is on the substrate or in free space. 

Spiral mills create a high velocity helix of gas that rotates around the center of the jet mill. Solids are introduced via a venturi feed injector (Fig. 8.2) and become entrained in the turbulent helical flow. The resulting high energy collisions between particles as well as with the particles and the mill internals fracture particles to micron and submicron size. 

The situation is the same for chemical bonds. Empirical facts about chemical bonds derive from measurements on material in the bulk. Chemical bonds are formed, either under crowded conditions or during high-energy collisions. In both instances there is a close encounter between activated species which implies previous interaction with external influences. The one thing not implied is that chemical bonds are generated spontaneously between isolated entities, either atoms or molecules. This means that in order to simulate the process of chemical binding or to understand the character-... 

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