High density polyethylene fuel tanks

Kathios, D. J. and R. M. Ziff. 1991. Permeation of Gasoline-Alcohol Fuel Blends Through High Density Polyethylene Fuel Tanks. 49th SPE Aimual Technical Conference, Montreal, 37, 1509-1511. 

Blow moulding is a standard method for manufacturing automobile fuel tanks in high-density polyethylene. The tanks are often of very irregular shapes in order to utilize available space. What other method or methods could be used to make HOPE fuel tanks, and why is blow-moulding preferred ... 

Surface fluorination changes the polymer surface drastically, the most commercially significant use of polymer surface direct fluorination is the creation of barriers against hydrocarbon permeation. The effectiveness of such barriers is enormous, with reductions in permeation rates of two orders of magnitude. Applications that exploit the enhanced barrier properties of surface-fluorinated polymers include (1) Polymer containers, e.g., gas tanks in cars and trucks, which are produced mostly from high-density polyethylene, where surface fluorination is used to decrease the permeation of fuel to the atmosphere and perfume bottles. (2) Polymeric membranes, to improve selectivity commercial production of surface-fluorinated membranes has already started.13... 

High density polyethylene (HDPE) is used to make automotive fuel tanks as is an alternative material to steel. HDPE has many advantages over steel, especially the design freedom to utilise unused space and low weight. However, the shortcoming of HDPE is its permeability to gasoline and methanol so, therefore, it cannot maintain the right emission standards. Since the permeability of the liquid in the polymer depends both on the nature of the bulk as well as the surface of the polymer, the surface modification of this... 

High density polyethylene, HOPE, is used for grocery bags, car fuel tanks, packaging and piping. 

Basell (USA) [6] have reported on the development of a family of high-density polyethylene (HOPE) resins which have a high resistance to bio-diesel fnels and it is currently being developed for use in automotive fuel tanks. Exposure of fuel tanks to biofuel for 11 years at 40 °C has, to date, produced no significant deterioration of the polymer properties and it is significantly better than the deterioration that occurs with current low-density polyethylene (LDPE) grades nsed in fuel tanks. 

PE-HD PE-HD High-density polyethylene Plastic bags, packaging, kitchenware, water pipes, milk, juice and water bottles fuel tanks for vehicles, shampoo / toiletry bottle, cable insulator, chemical resistant piping system... 

Containers selected to transport fuel or the fuel/water bottom to a laboratory should be impervious to the fuel. If possible, sterile glass or plastic (i.e., high density polyethylene or polypropylene) containers are suggested. The Institute of Petroleum (1996) recommends using silicone rubber stoppers or plastic screw caps with inserts to cap these bottles. All samples should be properly labeled with the company name, the location of the tank, the location within the tank where the sample was taken, the type of sample collected (either fuel, water bottom or fuel/water bottom interface) and the date and time the sample was collected. 

High-density polyethylene Bottles, automobile fuel tanks, milk jugs, bags, cereal box liners Plastic lumber for exterior uses (picnic tables, mailboxes, decks, trash bins, planters)... 

Plastic-based fuel tanks were first used in Volkswagen Passat in 1972, and since then the interest in using these tanks in vehicles has been on the rise [10]. When high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fuel tanks were initially used, fluorination was observed to reduce fuel permeation permeation resistance was then increased over the years by the invention of a coextrusion blow-molding process [109]. HDPE... 

Although the principal application of blow molding has been for bottle fabrication, it is being used increasingly for other parts such as automotive fuel tanks, seat backs, flexible bellows, and toys. High density polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are the principal resins molded in this way. For more special applications, however, other thermoplastics such as nylon, polyacetal, ABS, polycarbonate and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene also are used. ... 

Fuel tank applications utilizing coextruded blow-molded layers of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) in conjunction with high-density polyethylene (HOPE) have been in place for decades. In these applications, the EVOH layer is adhesively bonded to the HOPE with an acrylic copolymer adhesive. The EVOH acts as an impermeable membrane to gasoline and additives such that the anission permeation requirements for fuel tanks is met. 

More than 90% of all blow-molded polyethylene products are made from high density resins. The majority are bottles that are consumed domestically, such as those used for milk, household chemicals, and cosmetic products. Other major outlets include chemical transportation drums, pails, and fuel tanks. 

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