Hexadecene

Shimizu S, S Jareonkitmongol, H Kawashima, K Akimoto, H Yamada (1991) Production of a novel wl-eicosa-pentaenoic acid by Mortierella alpina lS-4 grown on 1-hexadecene. Arch Microbiol 156 163-166. 

Ethylhexanol can be epoxidized with 1-hexadecene epoxide. This additive also helps reduce or prevent foaming. By eliminating the need for traditional oil-based components, the composition is nontoxic to marine life, biodegradable, environmentally acceptable, and capable of being disposed of at the drill site without costly disposal procedures [44]. 

Another recent patent (22) and related patent application (31) cover incorporation and use of many active metals into Si-TUD-1. Some active materials were incorporated simultaneously (e.g., NiW, NiMo, and Ga/Zn/Sn). The various catalysts have been used for many organic reactions [TUD-1 variants are shown in brackets] Alkylation of naphthalene with 1-hexadecene [Al-Si] Friedel-Crafts benzylation of benzene [Fe-Si, Ga-Si, Sn-Si and Ti-Si, see apphcation 2 above] oligomerization of 1-decene [Al-Si] selective oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone [Cr-Si, Mo-Si] and selective oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone [Mo-Si], A dehydrogenation process (32) has been described using an immobilized pincer catalyst on a TUD-1 substrate. Previously these catalysts were homogeneous, which often caused problems in separation and recycle. Several other reactions were described, including acylation, hydrogenation, and ammoxidation. 

CTAB = cetyltrimethylammonium bromide DDAB = didodecyldimethylammonium bromide DEG = diethylene glycol DOE = dioctyl ether DPE = diphenyl ether DS = dodecyl sulfate EG — ethylene glycol EtOH = ethanol HAD = hexadecylamine HD = 1-hexadecene OD = 1-octadecene HDD = 1,2-hexadecanediol ... 

Effect of Added 1-Hexadecene on the Performance of Cross-Flow Filtration with Poly wax 500/655-Activated Catalyst... 

A continuous cross-flow filtration process has been utilized to investigate the effectiveness in the separation of nano sized (3-5 nm) iron-based catalyst particles from simulated Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst/wax slurry in a pilot-scale slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR). A prototype stainless steel cross-flow filtration module (nominal pore opening of 0.1 pm) was used. A series of cross-flow filtration experiments were initiated to study the effect of mono-olefins and aliphatic alcohol on the filtration flux and membrane performance. 1-hexadecene and 1-dodecanol were doped into activated iron catalyst slurry (with Polywax 500 and 655 as simulated FT wax) to evaluate the effect of their presence on filtration performance. The 1-hexadecene concentrations were varied from 5 to 25 wt% and 1-dodecanol concentrations were varied from 6 to 17 wt% to simulate a range of FT reactor slurries reported in literature. The addition of 1-dodecanol was found to decrease the permeation rate, while the addition of 1-hexadecene was found to have an insignificant or no effect on the permeation rate. 

Polywax 500 and 655 (polyethylene fraction with average molecular weights of 500 and 655, respectively), purchased from Baker Petrolite, Inc., was used to prepare simulated FT wax (i.e., solvent) for the evaluation of flltration performance with and without the presence of aliphatic alcohol and mono-olefin in the FT wax. 1-dodecanol (ACS reagent, > 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.) and 1-hexadecene (GC standard grade reagent, > 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.) were used as model... 

As shown in Figure 15.10, the baseline flux, without 1-hexadecene addition, stabilized to 0.30 lpm/m2 at 473 K with a TMP of 1.4 bar. Similar to previous filtration runs using an activated ultrafine iron catalyst slurry, the duration of the induction period for the catalyst particles and membrane was approximately 48 h TOS. Initially, the appearance of permeate was bright white. With the first dosage... 

FIGURE 15.10 Effect of co-fed olefin (1-hexadecene) concentration on the permeate flux at different time on stream. 

Camin, D.L., Forziati, A.F., Rossini, F. (1954) Physical properties of n-hexadecane, n-decylcyclopentane, n-decylcyclohexane, 1-hexadecene and n-decy I benzene. J. Phys. Chem. 58, 440-442. 

In MeOH the hydride reacts with higher a-olefins, propene, 1-hexene and 1-hexadecene with formation of only the linear insertion product, probably for steric reasons. In all the insertion products, the alkyl ligand presents the /f-agoslic interaction. At room temperature, the insertion of ethene is quantitative whereas with propene an appreciable amount of the hydride is present, with 1-hexene the hydride prevails, with 1-hexadecene only the hydride is present. The fact that the position of the insertion equilibrium strongly depends on the chain length of the alkyl substituent is probably connected with the high steric hindrance of the ligand [115]. 

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