Heterogeneous nucleation nucleating agents

Nanoclay particles by virtue of their particulate nature are emerging as effective heterogeneous nucleating agents for polyesters. The nanoclay particles in PET/montmorillonite nanocomposites impart to PET a higher crystallization rate without the need for expensive nucleating agents. 

Figure 2(b)).Fe nanoparticles were also prepared by decomposition of Fe(CO)s in the presence of surfactants (oleic acid and oleyl amine). The monodispersity of the particles was achieved in this case either using platinum acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2 with acac = (CFl3CO)2CFl)) as heterogeneous nucleation agent or a supersaturation of Fe(CO)s." ... 

Calcium carbonate is heterogeneous nucleating agent, which remains as crystalhne solid upon cooling of the polymer melt, and provides the crystallization sites. A synergistic improvement of mechanical properties of PP was caused by a combination of calcite particles reinforcement and li-nucleation. A distinct Jl-nucleation activity was found with surface-treated calcium carbonate present in PP. ... 

Heterogeneous nucleating agent improves cell morphology of the polymer foams made from poly(lactic acid) by microcellular extrusion. Mesoporous sihca was surface modified with heptadecafluoro-l,l,2,2-tetradecyl trimethoxy silane to decease nucleation energy barrier. The modified silica was found to be excellent nucleating agent for PLA foam production. ... 

Carbon fibers and glass fibers act as heterogeneous nucleating agents and nucleate crystallization along the fiber-PEEK matrix interface. ... 

Well dispersed potassium titanate whiskers can serve as partially heterogeneous nucleating agents in PEEK resin to promote its crystallization, which is beneficial in increasing the mechanical and tribological properties of PEEK. ... 

The results presented above and Figure 1 indicate that transparency is closely related to the crystallization and the crystalline structure of the polymer. Any effect which influences these factors will change transparency as well. Several publications indicate that the introduction of heterogeneous nucleating agents or clarifiers into PP homo- and copolymers considerably improves the transparency of the product. 

In the development of glass-ceramics, two mechanisms are generally used volume and surface nucleation. The mechanism of volume nucleation will be examined in detail. The role of non-steady-state processes, phase separation reactions, and heterogeneous nucleating agents are critical. Surface nucleation is evaluated for controlling nucleation processes. 

PEO), promote new crystal structures (sPS), or simply act as heterogeneous nucleating agents (PP). 

Effects of One-Dimensional Nanofillers Like layered-inorganic fillers, carbon nanotubes influence polymer crystallization when incorporated as filler in the polymer matrix however, these effects do not have as wide a variety as the layered silicates discussed above. In the vast majority of reports, carbon nanotubes act simply as heterogeneous nucleating agents in crystallizable polymer... 

The HBP component acted as a heterogeneous nucleating agent and improved the crystallization capability of PLA. 

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was also used in MMT nanocomposite foam preparation (Fu and Naguib, 2006 Weickmann et al, 2010). Organomodified MMT was used in its preparation by in situ bulk polymerization and batch foaming process with N2. The MMT acted as a heterogeneous nucleation agent in polymer matrix that reduced cell size and increased cell density. Moreover, MMT addition decreased dielectric constant and slightly increased the thermal conductivity as well as the mechanical strength due to the well-dispersed clay mineral platelets (Yeh et al., 2009). 

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