Foaming batch

Cavitation in the rubber particles of PS/high-impact PS (HIPS) was also identified as a heterogeneous nucleation site, using batch-foam processing [15, 16]. The experimentally observed cell densities as a function of the temperature, the rubber (HIPS) concentration, the rubber particle size, and saturation pressure were found to be in good agreement with the proposed nucleation model. Similar nucleation mechanisms of elastomeric particles were claimed for acrylic and di-olefinic latex particles in various thermoplastics [17, 18]. 

In search of easy dispersible nucleating agents with a high number of nucleants per volume, Spitael et al. [19] investigated the use of nanoscale diblock copolymer micelles on the batch-foaming behavior of PS. The diblock copolymers were composed of a PS block, and either PDMS, PEP, or PMMA as a second block. Several factors were identified as essential for nucleation, e.g., the size of the micelle and the surface tension of the micelle core material. 

The objective of this paper Is to describe the United Merchants and Manufacturers continuous foam processing method for the finishing and coloring of textiles. The term "continuous Is used to distinguish It from the batch foam dyeing process known as the Sancowad process developed and commercialized by the Sandoz Colors and Chemicals Co. (j6). 

From batch foam separation experiments, one may be able to determine the feasibility of the process and the approximate optimum chemical dosages. 

Varley J, Kaul A, Ball S (1996) Partition of protein from binary mixtures by a batch foaming process. Biotechnol Tech 10(2) 133-140... 

The isolation and purification of human placental homogenate was investigated by Sarkar et al. [78] in a batch foam column. They found the optimiun near to the lEP (pH 8.0). Column diameter and height were optimized. At a low gas flow rate the best separation fi om accompanying proteases was obtained. 

L. Urbanczyk, et al., Batch foaming of SAN/clay nanocomposites with SCCO2 a very tunable way of controlling the cellular morphology, Polymer 51 (15) (2010) 3520-3531. 

Compared with the batch foaming process, relatively few publications feature continuous microcellular foaming of PLA in extrusion or injection molding equipment [3, 5, 73-79]. 

Batch Foaming of Amorphous Poly (DL-Lactic Acid) and Poly (Lactic Acid-co-Glycolic Acid) with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide CO2 Solubility, Intermolecular Interaction,... 

Corre, Y. M., Maazouz, A., Duchet, J. Reignier, J. (2011). Batch foaming of chain extended PLA with supercritical CO2 Influence of the rheological properties and the process parameters on the cellular structure. Journal of Supercritical Fluids 58(1) 177-188. 

FIGURE 1.3 Schematic of atypical batch foaming setup. (Reprinted with permission from Zeng C. et al, Polymer 2010, 51, 655-664. Copyright 2010, Elsevier.)... 

FIGURE 3.5 TEM micrographs show the orientation of elays in the cell wall dnring PP/ clay nanocomposite batch foaming (a) one eeU wall and (b) junetion of three eontacting cells. (From Okamoto M., Nam P. H., Maiti R, Kotaka T, Nakayama T. et al., 2001, Nano. Lett. 1,... 

Wong, A., R. K. M. Chu, S. N. Leung, and C. B. Park. 2011. A batch foaming visualization system with extensional stress-inducing ability. Chem Eng Sci 66 55-63. 

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