Hepatitis blood clotting factor

Intravenous drug users using unsterilized needles Workers involved with non-human primates Food service handlers Patients with clotting factor disorders Individuals residing in health care institutions Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Men having sex with other men Individuals with multiple heterosexual partners Intravenous drug users using unsterilized needles Recipients of blood products... 

Better methods for preparing clotting factors from blood and the development of recombinant clotting factors provided the solutions. Methods of detecting, inactivating, and removing viruses were improved, and none of the hemophilia replacement products— conventional or recombinant—has transmitted either HIV or hepatitis since 1987. As an alternative, recombinant clotting factors 8 and 9, produced in animal cells, were approved in 1992 and 1997, without the risk associated with human blood products. 

Genetic manipulation (GM) also offers the prospect of healthier animals with improved resistance to diseases such as mastitis or to the ticks that can infest cattle, thus reducing the need for antibiotics and pesticides. Medicines may be produced in the milk of cows. For example, GM cows could produce milk with a clotting factor for hemophiliacs, milk containing human serum albumin for blood transfusions, or milk with a hepatitis vaccine. Several of these medicines could be produced much more efficiently than with the technologies currently used. Some of the potential changes that can be brought about in milk are listed in Table 1. 

More complex proteins have been produced in mammalian cell culture using recombinant DNA techniques. The gene for Factor VIII, a protein involved in blood clotting, is defective in individuals with hemophilia. Before genetically engineered Factor VIII became available, a number of hemophiliac patients died of AIDS or hepatitis that they contracted from transfusions of contaminated blood or from Factor VIII isolated from contaminated blood. 

Advances in recombinant technology alleviated the problem of protein production and its purity. Through the process of recombinant DNA technology and use of nonhuman cell lines, human proteins can be manufactured free of viral contamination. This process enables production of large quantities of proteins previously difficult to obtain from human sources. Further isolation of protein from human sources is associated with a high risk of viral contamination. One such example, plasma derived clotting factor VIII isolated from human blood, resulted in transmission of viral diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS [1,2]. 

The anticoagulant coumarins show certain structural similarities to vitamin K and probably as anti-metabolites their effects are manifested as a vitamin K depletion. As in vitamin K deficiency, the administration of warfarin depressed the synthesis of factor Vll in the liver. The action of this coumarin or lack of vitamin K is specific. These treatments have no general effect on hepatic protein synthesis, reducing only the synthesis of factor VII. Furthermore, the effect was only reversed by the administration of vitamin K [421], These changes occur mo coumarins have no effect on blood clotting when added in vitro. 

Mechanism of Action A fat-soluble vitamin that promotes hepatic formation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. Therapeutic Effect Essential for normal clotting of blood. 

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