Hepatitis antibody

A 75-year-old man taking insulin about 40 U/day was given metformin 500 mg bd (104). He also used enteric-coated aspirin, diltiazem XR, ibuprofen, and lovastatin. Two months later his liver enzymes were raised, but he felt well. Hepatitis antibodies were negative. After withdrawal of metformin his liver enzymes became normal. He agreed to restart metformin. His liver enzymes remained normal, but he finally preferred insulin monotherapy. 

Standardization and Testing. Potency is determiaed by quantitating the Hepatitis B antigen by an antibody-biading assay combiaed with a determination of the amount of proteia. Safety testing typical for cell culture-derived products is also performed, and iacludes assuting the absence of Hve vims. 

Yamamoto M, Hayashi N, Takehara T, Ueda K, Mita E, Tatsumi T, Sasaki Y, Kasahara A, Hori M (1999) Intracellular single-chain antibody against hepatitis B virus core protein inhibits the replication of hepatitis B virus in cultured cells. Hepatology 30 300-307 Yang 00, Tran AC, Kalams SA, Johnson RP, Roberts MR, Walker BD (1997) Lysis of HIV-1-infected cells and inhibition of viral replication by universal receptor T cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 11478-11483... 

Conventional ion-selective electrodes have been used as detectors for immunoassays. Antibody binding measurements can be made with hapten-selective electrodes such as the trimethylphenylammonium ion electrode Enzyme immunoassays in which the enzyme label catalyzes the production of a product that is detected by an ion-selective or gas-sensing electrode take advantage of the amplification effect of enzyme catalysis in order to reach lower detection limits. Systems for hepatitis B surface antigen and estradiol use horseradish peroxidase as the enzyme label and... 

Viral replication occurs when hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) is present and circulating in the blood. HBV DNA is utilized to measure viral infectivity and assess and quantify viral replication. Once the hepatitis B infection resolves, antibodies against hepatitis B envelope (anti-HBe) and... 

Antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV) in the blood indicate infection with the HCV. If the infection persists for more than 6 months and viral replication is confirmed by HCV RNA levels, then the person has chronic hepatitis C. Chronic disease may be due to an ineffective host immune system against the HCV. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are ineffective in eradicating the HCV, thus allowing persistent damage to hepatic cells. Therefore, immunocompromised individuals are less likely to eliminate HCV.12... 

The diagnosis of hepatitis A is made by detecting immunoglobulin antibody to the capsid proteins of the HAV. The presence of IgM anti-HAVin the serum indicates an acute infection. IgM appears approximately 3 weeks after exposure and becomes undetectable within 6 months. In contrast, IgG anti-HAV appears in the serum at approximately the same time IgM anti-HAV develops but indicates protection and lifelong immunity against hepatitis A.1... 

Hepatitis B is diagnosed when HBsAg is detectable in the serum. The nucleocapsid of the HBsAg contains the core protein that produces HBcAg, which is undetectable in the serum. The presence of antibodies against anti-HBc to IgM indicates active infection, and anti-HBc to IgG relates to either chronic infection or possible immunity against HBV. 

The diagnosis of hepatitis E is based on the presence of anti-HEV antibodies. A test for hepatitis E RNA levels is not yet available for commercial use but is used in clinical trials. 

Immune globulin (IG) is a solution containing antibodies from sterilized pooled human plasma that provides passive immunization against various infectious diseases, including hepatitis A.5 Immune globulin is available for either intravenous (IVIG)... 

HB, hepatitis B anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibody HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen HBIG, hepatitis B immune globulin. 

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