Henderson, Lawrence

Henderson, Lawrence J. The Order of Nature. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 1917. 

Edsall, J. T. (1973). Henderson, Lawrence Joseph. Dictionary of American Biography. 

Henderson, Lawrence J. "The Fitness of the Environment" Macmillan, New York 1913 reissued by Beacon Press,... 

Henderson, Lawrence Joseph (1878-1942) American biochemist leading biochemists of the first decades of the 20 century. 

Henderson, Lawrence. The Effects of Social Environment (with Elton Mayo). Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 18 (1936) 410-16. 

Zircon occurs in the Ural Mountains Trentino, Monte Somma, and Vesuvius. Italy Arendal, Norway Ceylon, India Thailand at the Kimberley mines, Republic of South Africa Madagascar and in Canada in Renfrew County, Ontario, and Grenville, Quebec. In the United States, zircon is found at Litchfield, Maine Chesterfield, Massachusetts in Essex, Orange, and St Lawrence Counties, New York Henderson County, North Carolina the Pikes Peak district of Colorado and Llano County, Texas. 

A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH. If acid is added then, within reason, the pH does not fall if base is added, the pH does not rise. Buffers are usually composed of a mixture of weak acids or weak bases and their salts and function best at a pH equal to the pKa of the acid or base involved in the buffer. The equation that predicts the behaviour of buffers is known as the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (named after chemists Lawrence Joseph Henderson and Karl Albert Hasselbalch), and is another vitally important equation worth committing to memory. It is derived as follows, by considering a weak acid that ionises in solution ... 

Lawrence Joseph Henderson was bom in Lynn, Massachusetts, an industrial city just north of Boston, on June 3, 1878. The son of a businessman, he received his early education in Salem, Massachusetts, the more upscale town of his father s family, before going to Harvard as a sixteen-year-old - actually not that unusual in the late nineteenth century. His father s business connections in the St. Pierre and Miquelon Islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where the young Henderson spent his vacations, stimulated his interest in learning French. 

Cannon, W. B. (1945). Biographical memoir of Lawrence Joseph Henderson, 1878-1942 presented to the National Academy of Sciences in the fall of 1943. In Biographical Memoirs. Washington, DC National Academy of Sciences, vol. 23,1945, pp. 31-58. [Contains the fullest bibliography of Henderson s publications, but is not complete.]... 

Parascandola, J. L. (1968). Lawrence J. Henderson and the Concept of Organized Systems. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Wisconsin. 

In 1913, long after Charles Darwin had argued for the htness of organisms for their environment, the Harvard chemist Lawrence J. Henderson pointed out that the organisms would not exist at all except for the htness of the environment itself. Fitness there must be, in environment as well as in organism, he declared near the outset of his classic work. The Fitness of the Environment (1913, p. 6). While most of Henderson s contemporaries ignored the philosophical implications of this work, as John Barrow and Frank Tipler have noted, it still comprises the foundahon of the Anthropic Principle as applied to biochemical systems (1986, p. 143). 

Despite such wide divergences, the basic point of commonality is that both bacteria and whales live in environments where the physical controls imposed by the physico-chemical properties of water - be they viscosity or acoustic transmission -predetermine what is biologically possible. To this simple example could be added many other physical and chemical constraints. In the case of water - echoing Lawrence Henderson s (1913) prescient remarks on the way in which the physicochemical glove matches the hand of life - one could list such factors as its power as a solvent, dielectric properties, transparency, latent heat of evaporation, and decrease of density when frozen. These properties are all central in various ways to life... 

In Ills great classic The Fitness of the Environment (1913), Lawrence J. Henderson examined the fitness of the basic chemical constituents and chemical processes used by living organisms on earth and of the general environment, including the hydrosphere and atmosphere of the earth, and argued that the laws of nature and the properties of matter appear uniquely and maximally fit for life as it exists on earth. Towards the end of Fitness, he summarized his findings ... 

Second, and more specifically, two logically separate but related scientific aspects of these questions have frequently been intertwined, if not conflated. However, they have quite different evolutionary foci and interdisciplinary ramifications. These involve questions of what might be considered the necessary versus sufficient conditions for the evolution of life. The first question involves the issue of which features of the abiotic environment are requisite to the origin and manifest diversification of life. This has been the traditional domain of fine-tuning arguments. A less metaphysically laden and more historically consistent way to speak of it would be in terms of the fitness of the environment, as emphasized nearly a century ago by Lawrence J. Henderson (1913). Darwinian theory typically addresses the fitness of organisms to the environment. A complementary question - which at face value is a priori to the question of natural selection - is the fitness of the environment to life, or the preconditional requirements of the theater, to support an evolutionary drama. 

Fitness of the Cosmos for Life Biochemistry and Fine-Tuning - An Interdisciplinary, Exploratory Research Project Commemorating the 90th Anniversary of the Publication of Lawrence J. Henderson s The Fitness OF THE Environment held at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, October 11-12, 2003. See http //www.templeton.org/archive/biochem-finetuning. 

It was not until Somewhere between 1910 and 1918, remarked famed Harvard physiologist Lawrence J. Henderson (1878-1942), [that] in this country, a random patient, with a random disease, consulting a doctor chosen at random had, for the 6rst time in the history of mankind, a better than fifty-Hfty chance of prohting from the encounter." (Quoted in Maurice B. Strauss [Ed.], Familiar Medical Quotations, p. 302.)... 

Lawrence, J. C., Saslowsky, D. E., Edwardson, J. M., and Henderson, R. M. 2003. Real-time analysis of the effects of cholesterol on lipid raft behavior using atomic force microscopy, Biophys J 84, 1827-1832. 

It is customary to express —lg(H ] as pH which gives us the so-called Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, or HH equation, named after the American scientist Lawrence Henderson and Danish chemist Karl Hasselbalch ... 

But by the time the Harvard biochemist Lawrence Henderson considered the question of life in the universe in his book The Fitness of the Environment in 1913 [1], liquid water had acquired a special status as an essential precondition for life. Indeed, Henderson considered that water s apparently unique fimess to act as life s matrix posed a profound question for considerations of cosmic design why was water so well suited to this purpose Henderson had in mind not water s highly unusual molecular-scale structure - for the hydrogen bond was not discovered until a few years later - but its unusual macroscopic properties such as high heat capacity... 

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