Heavy water reactors pressure

PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTORS (PRESSURIZED TUBE... 

Herein reactors are described in their most prominent appHcation, that of electric power. Eive distinctly different reactors, ie, pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, heavy water reactors, graphite reactors, and fast breeder reactors, are emphasized. A variety of other appHcations and types of reactors also exist. Whereas space does not permit identification of all of the reactors that have been built over the years, each contributed experience of processes and knowledge about the performance of materials, components, and systems. 

There are various types of nuclear power reactors, including boiling water reactors (BWR) and pressurized water reactors (PLWR or LWR), which are both light-water reactor (LWR) designs and are cooled and moderated by water. There also are pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR or HWR) designs. 

Pressurized filters, 11 324 Pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), 24 758... 

Hatcher, S.R., Banerjee, S, Lane, A.D, Tamm, H., Veeder,J.I. "Thorium Cycle in Heavy Water Moderated Pressure Tube (CANDU) Reactors" American Nuclear Society Meeting, San Francisco AECL-5398, 1975... 

The basic design of most nuclear reactors is similar, but several types of reactors are used throughout the world. In the United States most reactors use plain water as the coolant. Reactors using ordinary water are called light water reactors. Light water reactors can be pressurized to approximately 150 atmospheres to keep the primary coolant in the liquid phase at temperatures of approximately 300°C. The heat from the pressurized water is used to heat secondary water to generate steam. In a boiling water reactor, water in the core is allowed to boil. The steam produced powers the turbines directly. Heavy water reactors use water in... 

In order, the following types of nuclearfission reactors are described in this section (1) light water reactors, (a) pressurized water reactors, (b) boiling-water reactors (2) high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (3) heavy water reactors and (4) fast breeder reactors. Military reactors are not described. 

Pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR) % 5 UO2 pellets (natural U) Zircaloy DnO D2O 280- 310 8 11 700 -800 8-10... 

Radioactive waste treatment applications have been reported [3-9] for the laundry wastes from nuclear power plants and mixed laboratory wastes. Another interesting application of reverse osmosis process is in decontamination of boric acid wastes from pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), which allows for the recovery of boric acid, by using the fact that the latter is relatively undissociated and hence wdl pass with water through the membrane while most of the radioactivity is retained [10]. Reverse osmosis was evaluated for treating fuel storage pool water, and for low-level liquid effluents from reprocessing plants. 

Heavy water is not only the most important component, but also the major cost contributor to the nuclear power program, which utilizes pressurized heavy water reactors. 

Strokes CL, Buxbaum RE. Analysis of palladium coatings to remove hydrogen isotopes firom zirconium fuel rods in Canada deuterium uranium-pressurized heavy water reactors thermal and neutron diffusion effeds. Nud Technol. 1992 98 207. 

As explained in Section II, in a depressurization accident to a gas-cooled reactor (and to some water reactors, e.g., the steam generating heavy water reactor—SGHWR) there is a possibility that can temperatures might rise to about 1000 C at which point some cans could fail through their internal gas pressure. Laboratory experiments in which pre-irradiated fuel elements... 

Pressurized heavy water reactor high-level waste... 

One of the technical problems of ranoval of tritium is its low concentration in technological and waste streams. In heavy water reactor moderator (pressurized heavy water reactor [PHWR]), the ratio of DTO to D2O is 10 , and in water... 

AR104 Aeeident analysis for nuelear power plants with pressurized heavy water reactors. No. 29, 19 November 2003. 

Consistent with these publications, the IAEA in 2002 issued a detailed report on Accident Analysis for Nuclear Power Plants (Safety Reports Series No. 23) that provides practical guidance for performing accident analysis. That report covers the steps required for accident analyses, i.e. selection of initiating events and acceptance criteria, selection of computer codes and modelling assumptions, preparation of input data and presentation of the calculation results. It also discusses aspects that need to be considered to ensure that the final accident analysis is of acceptable quality. Separate IAEA Safety Reports deal with specific features of individual reactor types, such as pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, pressurized heavy water reactors and RBMKs. 

The French CEA has concentrated on the development of the gas-cooled heavy-water reactor as an advanced converter reactor powerplant 61,62). The design and expected performance characteristics of a 500-MWe plant of this type were reported at the 1964 Geneva Conference (61). The plant would have a gas oulet temperature of 510°C, a steam temperature of 490°C, a steam pressure of 87 atm (1280 psia), and a net plant efficiency of 35 %. Assuming the successful development of a beryllium cladding for the fuel elements, the fuel bumup with natural uranium is expected to be 8700 MW-d/tonne and, with 0.93 % enriched uranium,... 

Pressurized heavy water reactor "CANDU" (PHWR) Canada 33 18 Natural UO2 Heavy water Heavy water... 

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