Heat of detonation

Explosive Detonation pressure, GPa Bulk specific gravity Detonation velocity, km/s Contains high explosives Heat of detonation kj /g Excavated vol relative to equal wt of TNT... 

In the method which will be presented in Section 6.3.3., the blast parameters of pressure vessel bursts are read from curves of pentolite, a high explosive, for nondimensional distance R above two. For these ranges, using TNT equivalence makes sense. Pentolite has a specific heat of detonation of 5.11 MJ/kg, versus 4.52 MJ/kg for TNT (Baker et al. 1983). The equivalent mass of TNT can be calculated as follows for a ground burst of a pressure vessel ... 

Price (Ref 4) has shown convincingly that OB (garden variety, corrected , effective , or "true ) cannot per se determine the heat of expln or detonation. Using modern values of the heat of detonation, Q, this writer has convinced himself that there is not even fortuitous correlation between OB and Q... 

Compn of PETN detonation products and the heat of detonation will be discussed in the next subsection... 

Comparisons between ballistic mortar strengths and heats of detonation relative to TNT are shown in Table 1 (the mortar values were taken from Ref 5 and the heats of detonation from Vol 7, H41-42). Agreement is generally quite good... 

Comparison of Ballistic Mortar Strength with Observed - Heats of Detonation... 

Based on calorimetrically measured values given in Ref 7. We have arbitrarily used 1.00 kcal/g as the heat of detonation of TNT. For highly confmed TNT A = 1,09kcal/g and 1.03kcal/g for partially confmed TNT... 

Cole (Ref 1) described methods and presented data for measuring the underwater effects of expls. Price (Ref 3) suggested that the underwater effectiveness of an expl can be indicated by the sum of its shock wave and bubble energy equivalent wts (in her paper relative to 50/50 Pentolite). In Table 2 we compare such indices of underwater performance (but relative to TNT rather than Pentolite) with relative heats of detonation. We used 1.09kcal/g for the heat of detonation of TNT under the assumption that... 

Comparison of Underwater Effectiveness of Explosives with their Heat of Detonation... 

Explosive Relative Cylinder Expansion Energy (Tangential) Relative Heat of Detonation (on a volume basis)... 

Available expin energy is then correlated with the kinetic energy of the metal cylinder. In Table 3 we see that relative cylinder expansion energies (from Ref 7) correlate fairly well with relative heats of detonation if the latter are taken on a per unit volume basis... 

Thus we see that there is reasonable correlation between power of an expl, measured in a variety of ways, and its heat of detonation. Earlier in this article it was mentioned that power can also be correlated with rv=Tj The latter correlation follows directly from Eq (1) if cvf f(T). With this restriction, the two middle integrals of Eq (1) give... 

A semi-empirical method for estimating the detonation velocities of explosives composed of C, H, N, and O atoms has been proposed.PI The heat of detonation per mole, AHd, defined by... 

Polynitro derivatives of monocychc aromatic systems (trinitrobenzene, trinitrotoluene, tetranitro-iV-methylaniline, trinitrophenol, etc.) have long been used as explosives [1]. It has been found that a series of polynitroderivatives of biphenyl, diphenylmethane and 1,2-diphenylethylene (stilbene) are explosives liable to detonate on grinding or impact [2]. The same may be true of other polynitro derivatives of polycyclic systems not normally used as explosives (e.g. polynitro-fluorenones, -carbazoles, etc. Penta- and hexa-nitrobenzophenones are also high-energy explosives [3]. The thermal stability of 33 polynitroaromatics was studied by DTA [4]. Two empirical equations relating the heat of decomposition to the heat of detonation have been developed and used to calculate the heats of detonation for 47 polynitroaryl compoimds [5]. 

The British scientists reported in 1956 a series of heats of deton of typical HE s, but the values obtd by them are classified, as usual... 

Wherever values of heats of detonation, combustion and formation are available in open literature or unclassified reports, they are included in our Encycl under individual expls... 

The heat of detonation is given by deducting the heat of formation of the explosive... 

Detonation (and Explosion), Energy Relationships in. Under the title "Energy Relationships , C.G. Dunkle treats in the lecture, delivered at Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ on Dec 13, 1955, pp 10-14, the following subjects a) Heat and energy of reaction of expls b) Heats of detonation and explosion c) Alternate deton rates d) Force, power or impetus of expls e) Brisance and f) Detonation pressure... 

Values for heats of formation of explosives and propellants are given by Schmidt (Ref 8), Blatt (Ref 22b), Tomlinson Sheffield (Ref 4la) and in the Table located here following "Heat of Explosion and Heat of Detonation ... 

Heats of combustion of explosives deficient in oxygen (See Vol 1 of Encycl, p A515, under "Available Oxygen ) are always higher than either their heats of explosion or of detonation. For expls with positive oxygen balance to CO2, like NG, there should not be any difference between these values Values for heats of combustion may be found in the same sources as indicated under "Heat of Formation . Some selected values for explosives are given in the Table which is at the end of "Heat of Explosion and Heat of Detonation ... 

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