Software heat integration

The selection of streams is determinant for efficient heat integration. Most of the studies are based on results issued from a process simulator. Automatic transfer of data to the Pinch software is a current feature of many simulation systems, commonly called data extraction , which sometimes is assisted by an expert system. However, the user should be aware about possible problems in heat integration caused by inappropriate stream extraction, even if it is computer-assisted. Hereafter some recommendations ... 

System integration involves numerous miscellaneous development activities, such as control software to address system start-up, shut-down and transient operation, and thermal sub-systems to accomplish heat recovei y, heat rejection and water recoveiy within the constraints of weight, size, capital and operating costs, reliability, and so on. Depending on the application, there will be additional key issues automotive applications, for example, demand robustness to vibrations, impact, and cold temperatures, since if the water freezes it will halt fuel cell operation. 

Unfortunately, most of these applications are designed for their specific tasks only. There is currently no software architecture that integrates them into a network that would enable intelligent interaction between them. This is where the future lies. For example, a sensor could recognize the opening of a window and make the heating control of a radiator shut down. The same information about the window could also be built into a security system that would then check what caused the window to open. An alarm would be set off if the person who opened it is not recognized. 

The samples were injected into a Varian gas chromatograph (CP-3380 model), equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and a CP WAX 52 CB capillary column 30 mxO.25 mm X 0.25 xm, and a split injection system with a 1 20 ratio. Injector and detector temperatures were kept at 250°C. The oven was initially maintained at 200°C for 4.5 min, then heated up to 210°C, and kept constant at this temperature for 0.5 min. After that, it was heated to 220°C for 0.5 min. The oven was heated again to 250°C and maintained at this temperature for 1.5 min. Hydrogen was used as the carrier gas at a 1.8 ml/min flow rate column pressure was set at 12 psi. A computer loaded with the Star Workstation 6.2 software was connected to the GC by a Star 800 Module Interface to automatically integrate the peaks obtained. Methyl heptadecanoate was the internal standard used. 

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