Heart disease obesity and

Herrmann S-M, Ricard S, Nicaud V et al. Polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor-a gene, coronary heart disease and obesity. Eur J Clin Invest. 1998, 28 59-66. 

Also see DENTAF HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND DIET DIABETES MELLITUS HEART DISEASE and OBESITY.)... 

Prior to this work, dietary fiber, of which ceUulose is oae of the more important constituents, was considered important primarily as a means of preventing or overcoming constipation. Otherwise, dietary fiber was considered to be a metaboHcally iaert substance. A large variety of diseases such as appendicitis, hiatus hernia, gallstones, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, obesity, dental caries, and duodenal ulcers are now suspected to be associated with the consumption of a highly refined diet (42). 

Two of the biggest health problems that overweight individuals face are a greatly elevated risk of heart disease and stroke. The American Heart Association (AHA) has found a direct link between these health conditions and being overweight. Heart disease is now the number-one killer of women in the United States, and the rise of overweight and obesity can be directly correlated to it.2... 

Historically, the impact of diet on health has been a concern of man. In recent years we have seen greater emphasis on how nutrition relates to health and the prevention of chronic afflictions such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity, and cancer. Consequently, several health organizations have proposed guidelines to promote better health and reduce risk... 

South Asian populations. People of South Asian origin in the UK have a high prevalence of coronary heart disease and stroke, central obesity (as evidenced by high waist-to-hip ratio), insulin resistance, non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes and hypertension (Cappuccio 1997 Kain et al. 2002 Bhopal et al. 2005). This increase in vascular risk seems to be partly a result of genetic susceptibility, such as high serum lipoprotein A levels, and partly dietary- and lifestyle-induced changes in lipid levels. 

As noted earlier, known risk factors for developing heart disease and hypertension in general, including high LDL counts, smoking, obesity, and sedentary behavior, contribute to a decreased production of NO in the endothelium. So we have more reason to get those factors under control. 

Excessive fat intake leads to obesity, heart disease, and cancer. Although proteins and carbohydrates can be converted into fat after assimilation, when a person is subject to obesity, she should adopt a low-fat, low-sugar, low-starch diet. 

Y.-T Zhou, P. Grayburn, A. Karim, M. Shimabukuro, M. Higa, D. Baetens, L. Orci, and R. H. Unger, Lipotoxic heart disease in obese rats Implications for human obesity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 

Adipose Tissue Estrogenic states favor subcutaneous fat deposition in the gluteofemoral region (lower body) and promote lower body obesity. Current evidence suggests that a lower body fat pattern, or a low upper-lower body circumference ratio (referred to as gynoid ), is associated with a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and may be due to the effect of estrogen on lipoprotein metabolism. 

Since ischemic heart disease and/or hypertension contribute so significantly to the development of heart failure in the majority of patients, it is important to emphasize that heart failure is a largely preventable disorder. Thus recent evidence that obesity and salt intake are important risk factors for heart failure is not surprising. Moreover, control of blood pressure and appropriate management of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g., smoking cessation, treatment of lipid disorders, diabetes management, dietary modification, etc.) are important strategies for clinicians to implement to reduce their patients risk of heart failure. 

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