Heart cardiomyopathy

The AC activities due to the stimulation of p-receptors and Gs-proteins were increased in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rabbits (Calderone et al. 1991). On the other hand, no alterations in p-AR density, G-proteins, or AC activities were seen in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats (Fu et al. 1991). Depressions in p-ARs and AC activities in the absence or presence of various stimulants were noted in catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy in rats in addition to an increase and loss of Gi- and Gs-proteins, respectively (Meszaros and Levai 1992 Muller et al. 1993 Zhou et al. 1995). Rats with monocrotaline-induced right heart cardiomyopathy showed depressions in prAR density and AC activities in the presence... 

From a therapeutic point of view, selective agonists may become useful in the treatment of heart failure and catecholamine-insensitive cardiomyopathy, but only if compounds become available that do not stimulate gastric acid secretion or cause other unforeseen problems. 

Other cardiovascular diseases cover a long Hst of circulatory problems, including heart faHure, peripheral vascular disease, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. 

Cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy, or diseased heart muscle, may reach a point at which the heart can no longer function. It arises from a combination of factors, including hypertension, arrhythmias, and valve disease. Other problems, such as congestive heart failure, cause the interrelated heart—lung system to break down. Because the heart can no longer adequately pump, duid builds up in the lungs and other areas. 

Cardiomyopathy. The best available solution to cardiomyopathy may be one that is less sophisticated than transplant surgery or the artificial heart. The cardiomyoplasty-assist system combines eariier electrical stimulation technology with a new surgical technique of utilizing muscle from another part of the body to assist the heart. 

Sorcin is associated with the development of multidrug resistances in leukemia and other cancels. Sorcin is also able to improve cardiac contractility independently of (3-adienergic stimulation and may prove beneficial in treatment of heart failure. A point mutation in sorcin causes familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 

Occurs when the volume of extracellular fluid is significantly diminished. Examples include hemorrhage, fluid loss caused by burns, diarrhea, vomiting, or excess diuresis Occurs when the heart is unable to deliver an adequate cardiac output to maintain perfusion to the vital organs. Examples include as the result of an acute myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, congestive heart failure (CHF), or severe cardiomyopathy. 

Mast cells are present in the normal human heart and even more abundant in diseased hearts [ 16-18,25,47]. Within heart tissue, mast cells he between myocytes and are in close contact with blood vessels. They are also found in the coronary adventitia and in the shoulder regions of coronary atheroma [20, 21], The density of cardiac mast cells is higher in patients with dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy than in accident victims without cardiovascular diseases [25], Importantly, in some of these conditions there is in situ evidence of mast cell activation [16,34],... 

O The most common causes of heart failure are coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, and dilated cardiomyopathy. 

The phrase acute heart failure (AHF) is used to signify either an acute decompensation of a patient with a history of chronic heart failure or to refer to a patient presenting with new-onset HF symptoms. Terms commonly associated with HF, such as cardiomyopathy and LV dysfunction, are not equivalent to HF but describe possible structural or functional reasons for the development of HF. 

Cardiotoxicity is a serious, rare adverse effect of mitox-antrone. The incidence of congestive heart failure was 0.15% in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction and 2.18% in those who had asymptomatic left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 50% at baseline.46 Therefore, mitoxantrone should not be used in patients with baseline cardiomyopathy, even if asymptomatic. The risk of cardiotoxicity is dose-related. The maximum lifetime dose of mitoxantrone is 140 mg/m2, or about 3 years of MS therapy. The use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors should be avoided in patients receiving mitoxantrone because of a potential for worsening cardiac toxicity.46... 

Cardiovascular diseases hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and arrhythmia. 

Treatment of the acute phase of the disease (i.e., fever, malaise, edema of the face, and hepatosplenomegaly) is nifurtimox. The congestive heart failure associated with cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease is treated the same way as cardiomyopathy from other causes. 

Polymorphisms of the beta adrenergic receptors have also been studied in patients with heart failure and cardiomyopathy, or other complex and rather ill-defined phenotypes. In patients with heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, the Thrl64Ile polymorphism in the />2-adrerioreceplor was significantly associated with survival rate at one year [62]. Similarly, the Ser49Gly polymorphism of the /Vadrenoreceptor gene has been linked to the improved survival of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy [63]. However, sample size was limited in those studies and results need to be confirmed in adequately powered studies. 

Generalized carnitine deficiency, in its primary form and inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, is due to a defect of the specific high-affinity, low-concentration, carrier-mediated carnitine-uptake mechanism. The defect has been documented in cultured fibroblasts and muscle cultures, but the same uptake system is probably shared by heart and kidney, thus explaining the cardiomyopathy and the excessive leakage of carnitine into the urine. Oral L-carnitine supplementation results in dramatic improvement in cardiac function [4,8]. 

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is defined by three or more repetitive PVCs occurring at a rate greater than 100 beats/min. It occurs most commonly in acute myocardial infarction (MI) other causes are severe electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., hypokalemia), hypoxemia, and digitalis toxicity. The chronic recurrent form is almost always associated with underlying organic heart disease (e.g., idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or remote MI with left ventricular [LV] aneurysm). 

Tachyarrhythmias -Bradyarrhythmias -Valvular heart disease (espec. AS) -Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy... 

Animal models have established that infections can induce autoimmune disease. For example, coxsackievirus B3 infection of susceptible strains of mice results in inflammation in the heart that resembles the myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy that occurs in humans.28 44 The same disease can be induced by injecting mice with cardiac myosin mixed with adjuvant, thereby reproducing the disease in the absence of virus infection, indicating that an active viral infection is not necessary for the development of autoimmune disease.9 29 44 Likewise, a number of autoimmune diseases can be... 

Dilated cardiomyopathy Heart muscle disease that leads to enlargement of the heart s chambers, robbing the heart of its pumping ability. [NIH]... 

Cardiovascular Effects. No studies were located regarding cardiovascular effects in humans after inhalation exposure to bromomethane, but several studies in mice and rats indicate that the heart is susceptible to injury. Effects which have been reported at exposure levels of 90-160 ppm include cardiomyopathy (Eustis et al. 1988), myocardial degeneration and cardiac thrombi (Reuzel et al. 1987) and fibrosis (Kato et al. 1988). 

Meissner, K., Sperker, B., Karsten, C., et al. (2002) Expression and localization of P-glycoprotein in human heart effects of cardiomyopathy. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 50, 1351-1356. 

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