Health human toxicity

Health, Safety, and Environmental Factors. Sulfur dioxide has only a moderate acute toxicity (183). The lowest pubHshed human lethal concentration is 1000 ppm for 10 months. The lowest pubHshed human toxic concentration by inhalation is 3 ppm for 5 days or 12 ppm for 1 hour. The lowest pubHshed human lethal concentration is 3000 ppm for 5 months. In solution (as sulfurous acid), the lowest pubHshed toxic dose is 500 flg/kg causing gastrointestinal disturbances. Considerable data is available by other modes of exposure and to other species NIOSH standards are a time-weighted average of 2 ppm and a short-term exposure limit of 5 ppm (183). 

A substance known to be so toxic to man as to afford a hazard to health during conveyance or which, in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to man. 

Species The test species, whether animal or human, are identified in this column. Chapter 2, "Relevance to Public Health," covers the relevance of animal data to human toxicity and Section 3.4, "Toxicokinetics," contains any available information on comparative toxicokinetics. Although NOAELs and LOAELs are species specific, the levels are extrapolated to equivalent human doses to derive an MRL. 

Toxicological Profile for Diethyl Phttolate, U. S. Department of Health Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, (1993). 

Again, the waste treatment scenario with incineration has by far to the highest score for human toxicity. The scores for the other scenarios are more or less the same. The incineration of EoL PVC will lead to toxic emissions of metals (arsenic, lead, chromium, see Table 5) causing human health effects. However, the most important contribution to the human health effect is caused by the emission of mercury in the upchain processes of the production of mercury and sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is an auxiliary material in the waste incineration process. Mercury... 

U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS). 1993. Toxicological profile for lead. Update. U.S. Dept. Health Human Serv., Publ. Health. Serv., Agen. Toxic Subst. Dis. Regis. TP-92/12. 318 pp. 

Health Human Serv., PHS, Agen. Toxic Subst. Dis. Regis. 360 pp. 

Testing on animals may provide initial information on the effect of a possible shortterm exposure on human health. Acute toxicity is defined as the toxic effect of a substance after a single oral, dermal, or inhalative application. For acute oral toxicity, for instance, LD50 is defined as the amount of substance expressed in mg per kg body weight which has a lethal effect on 50% of the test animals after a single oral application. Such tests are useful in that they assess the toxicity of a material relative to that of other known compounds. 

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