HCl-NaCl

D 2547 24 0.05-1.1 g Pb/L Mineralization of organic lead, precipitation of PbCr04, redissolution in HCl/NaCl solution, addition of KI and iodometric titration of liberated I2. 

Figure 1. Mean ionic activity coefficients for the HCl-NaCl-H20 system at 25°C...

Equations 11 and 19 express the necessary liquid-phase activity coefficients for the calculation of vapor-liquid equilibria in the HCl-NaCl-HgO system. Equation 11 is very convenient... 

Figure 7. Predicted vapor-liquid equilibria in the HCl-NaCl-HsO system at 25°C...

Solid-liquid equilibrium data (1 6) for the HCl-NaCl- 0 system at 25°C were used with Equation 27 to calculate experimental activity coefficients of NaCl. Table 1 shows a comparison between the experimental activity coefficients and those calculated using Equation 12. The agreement between experimental and calculated activity coefficients is very good, and Equation 12 should be useful for predictions of solid-liquid equilibria at other temperatures. 

This correlation is limited to relatively concentrated solutions (above 0.2 molal for the HCl-NaCl-H20 system) and has no theoretical significance in dilute solutions since the treatment does not explicitly take into account ionic dissociation of the electrolytes. Furthermore, the correlation is also limited to systems with a common ion. 

Figure 8. Solid-liquid equilibria for the HCl-NaCl system at 30°C—correlation of Vega and Vera (17) ((%) experimental (------------------) calculated)...

Costantino et al. [75] have shown, however, that treatment with gaseous or aqueous HCl can lead to replacement of carbonate with chloride, which itself can be replaced by large organic anions such as methyl orange [79] or fluorescein [80]. It has recently been suggested that use of HCl/NaCl mixtures also leads to more effective displacement of carbonate by chloride [81]. 

Neutralization. A chemical reaction involving an acid and a base to give water and a neutral salt, as in NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O. 

Figure 1. Effect of pH on ir-A and AV-A isotherms of octadecyl-dimethylamine oxide (ClsDAO) at 25 C, O.OIM NaCl subsolutions (NaOH or HCl/NaCl). Substrate pH 1-10.9, 2-5.5, 3-2.2.

Stoichiometry Studies. The HCl-NaCl system was studied to determine if Cl" ion was removed stoichiometrically with H30+ as the acid sorption reaction occurred. Two 1-liter solutions were prepared at pCn+ — 3.00 and 10"3Af NaCl two 1-liter solutions at pCH+ = 3.00 and 2 X 10 3M NaCl and two 1-Hter solutions at pCH+ — 2.70 and 10 3M NaCl. A five-gram quantity of coconut-shell carbon was added to each of the pCH+ = 3.00 solutions, and a ten-gram quantity to each of the pCH+ — 2.70 solutions. After one day of stirring, the residual H30+ concentration was measured with a pH meter and corrected for activity, and the residual Cl" ion concentration was determined by means of the Mercuric Nitrate Method (24). The percent stoichiometry was then calculated from the data obtained. 

Table I. Diffusion Coefficients as a Function of Initial pH for the HCl—NaCl System...

Salt Effects. The HCl-NaCl system has been studied further to determine the effect of NaCl concentration on the acid-carbon reaction. The carbon dosage was varied from 0.33 to 2.0 grams of 273-micron... 

Adsorption capacities for different salt concentrations are shown for the HClOi-NaClO> and HCl-NaCl systems for an equilibrium H.O+ activity of 24 X 103... 

Table V. Diffusion Coefficients for the HCl—NaCl System at Different Temperatures...

DNA Plasmid, commercial or from Experiment 14 A. phage adenovirus (Ad 2) approximately 0.2-0.4 mg/mL in Tris-HCl, NaCl,... 

Fig. 31. Experimental potential fronts (a) during the corrosion of gold in a concentrated HCl/NaCl solution (after Ref. [85]) (b) during the potentiostatic reduction of SgOg2 on a silver ring electrode in dilute electrolyte [166], On the left are the corresponding set-ups.

HCl NaCl Anion-exchange membrane LNET Narebska et al. (1995)... 

---