Hawthorn fruits

CHINESE BOTANICAL PRODUCTS AND DIGOXIN Crataegus pinnatifida (Hawthorn Fruit, Shanzha)... 

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with alprazolam, amiodarone, amphotericin B, arbutamine, bendroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, bisacodyl, bumetanide, carbimazole, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, cholestyramine, clarithromycin, conivaptan, cyclosporine, cyclothiazide, dan-shen, demeclocycline, devil s claw, dexmedetomidine, doxycycline, erythromycin, esomeprazole, ethacrynic acid, flunisolide, furosemide, ginseng, glycopyrrolate, glycopyrronium, hawthorn (fruit, leaf, flower extract), horsetail, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, indapamide, licorice, lopinavir, mepenzolate, methyclothiazide, metolazone, minocycline, mistletoe, oxprenolol, oxytetracycline, paroxetine, phenylbutazone, polythiazide, propafenone, propantheline, quinethazone, quinidine, rabeprazole, rifampin, roxithromycin, sarsaparilla, senna, Siberian ginseng, squill, St John s wort, telithromycin, teriparatide, tetracycline, thiazide diuretics, tolvaptan, trichlormethiazide, verapamil... 

In the 1960s and 1970s, hawthorn fruit extracts were sometimes combined with conventional cardiac drugs, including digitalis, reportedly allowing for a reduction in dose of the drug (Ammon and Haendel 1981 Bauer and Hdlscher 1992 Blesken 1992). 

Hawthorn fruit has been widely consumed as food, prepared as syrups and jams, and eaten fresh, and is considered to have a safety profile similar to commonly consumed fruits (Upton 1999). 

In meta-analyses and systematic reviews of clinical trials, hawthorn fruit extracts have been characterized as well tolerated in clinical trials with few adverse events reported (Daniele et al. 2006). 

No information on the safety of Chinese hawthorn fruit in pregnancy or lactation was identified in the scientific or... 

A systematic review of adverse events in clinical trials and case reports associated with hawthorn monopreparations, including two trials of fruit extracts, concluded that hawthorn fruit extracts are generally well tolerated. Adverse... 

Zhang Z, Chang Q, Zhu M, Huang Y, Hoa WKK, Chena ZY (2001) Characterization of antioxidants present in hawthorn fruits. J Nutr Biochem 12 144-152... 

A typical hawthorne fruit (in this case C pubescens of Latin America) is moderately high in calories (89 kcal per 100 g) and carbohydrates (24%). It is a good source of fiber, iron, potassium, and vitamin C, and a fair source of vitamin A. 

Some herbal products are prepared from a mixture of different plant species and plant parts. Hawthorn is standardized to contain 5% oligomeric procyanidins made from the leaves, blossoms, and fruit of Crataegus laevigata and Crataegus monogyna [6]. Studies have shown that the therapeutic efficacy of hawthorn is not solely the result of one type of component, one plant part, or a single species [6]. 

What to do Do not grow trees on wet sites or badly drained clay soil. Improve drainage. If a young tree becomes affected, it may be advisable to remove it. Once a tree is established, sow a grass seed mixture up to the main stem, to reduce the risk of infection by rain-splash. Cut out diseased branches. Do not use poplar or hawthorn as a windbreak near fruit trees. 

Recent advances in the development of non-invasive, in situ spectroscopic scanned-probe and microscopy techniques have been applied successfully to study mineral particles in aqueous suspension (Hawthorne, 1988 Hochella and White, 1990). In situ spectroscopic methods often utilise molecular probes that have diagnostic properties sensitive to changes in short-range molecular environments. At the particle-solution interface, the molecular environment around a probe species is perturbed, and the diagnostic properties of the probe, which can be either optical or magnetic, then report back on surface molecular structure. Examples of in situ probe approaches that have been used fruitfully include electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-probe studies perturbed vibrational probe (Raman and Fourier-transform IR) studies and X-ray absorption (Hawthorne, 1988 Hochella and White, 1990 Charletand Manceau, 1993 Johnston et al., 1993). 

The genera in the family of Rosaceae (Table 1) include avens, cotoneasters, hawthorn, and roses, and a variety of fruits such as apples, loquats, pears, plums, quince, and strawberries. 

Natural agents Birch bark, butter, cabbage, capsaicin, chicken, cinnamon, cobalt chloride, copper, cotton oils, eggs, fish, fruits (kiwi, strawberry), hawthorn, honey, horse saliva, laboratory animals, mahogany, milk, nickel, papain, prawn crust, seminal fluid, sorbic acid, spices, spider mites... 

The Lethal Dose (LD50) of an alcoholic extract of hawthorn leaves and fruit called Crataegutt administered orally was 33.8 mL/kg in rats and 18.5 mL/kg in mice. This particular extract was manufactured by Schwabe and contained 2% or 10% oligomeric procyanidins. Death occurred after approx 30 minutes and was caused by sedation and apnea (19). 

Grow berrying and fruiting plants in your yard, including some species such as hawthorn, blackthorn, rowan, crab apple, elder, ivy, pyracantha, cotoneaster, rugosa rose, and bramble. These plants will provide a supply of food for birds and small mammals. 

---