Hartree-Fock orbital

Hartree-Fock orbital Relatively accurately calculated orbital shapes. 

A CASSCF calculation is a combination of an SCF computation with a full Configuration Interaction calculation involving a subset of the orbitals. The orbitals involved in the Cl are known as the active space. In this way, the CASSCF method optimizes the orbitals appropriately for the excited state. In contrast, the Cl-Singles method uses SCF orbitals for the excited state. Since Hartree-Fock orbitals are biased toward the ground state, a CASSCF description of the excited state electronic configuration is often an improvement. 

The field- and time-dependent cluster operator is defined as T t, ) = nd HF) is the SCF wavefunction of the unperturbed molecule. By keeping the Hartree-Fock reference fixed in the presence of the external perturbation, a two step approach, which would introduce into the coupled cluster wavefunction an artificial pole structure form the response of the Hartree Fock orbitals, is circumvented. The quasienergy W and the time-dependent coupled cluster equations are determined by projecting the time-dependent Schrodinger equation onto the Hartree-Fock reference and onto the bra states (HF f[[exp(—T) ... 

If we except the Density Functional Theory and Coupled Clusters treatments (see, for example, reference [1] and references therein), the Configuration Interaction (Cl) and the Many-Body-Perturbation-Theory (MBPT) [2] approaches are the most widely-used methods to deal with the correlation problem in computational chemistry. The MBPT approach based on an HF-SCF (Hartree-Fock Self-Consistent Field) single reference taking RHF (Restricted Hartree-Fock) [3] or UHF (Unrestricted Hartree-Fock ) orbitals [4-6] has been particularly developed, at various order of perturbation n, leading to the widespread MPw or UMPw treatments when a Moller-Plesset (MP) partition of the electronic Hamiltonian is considered [7]. The implementation of such methods in various codes and the large distribution of some of them as black boxes make the MPn theories a common way for the non-specialist to tentatively include, with more or less relevancy, correlation effects in the calculations. 

Electron correlations show up in two ways in the measured cross sections. If the initial target state is well described by the independent particle Hartree-Fock approximation, the experimental orbital (6) is the Hartree-Fock orbital. Correlations in the ion can then lead to many transitions for ionisation from this orbital, rather than the expected single transition, the intensities of the lines being proportional to the spectroscopic factors S K... 

In the literature we may find the procedure for creating localized Hartree-Fock orbitals via an energy minimization based on a Cl procedure employing monoexcitations (see for instance Reference [24]). The scheme starts from a set of given (guess) orbitals and solves iteratively the Hartree-Fock equations via the steps ... 

Rubio J, Povill A, Malrieu J-P, Reinhardt PJ (1997) Direct determination of localized Hartree-Fock orbitals as a step toward Nscaling procedures. J Chem Phys 107 10044... 

Eq. (3.15)]. The concept of electron occupation of orbitals is thus unequivocal in these cases. The best orbitals in these cases are called "Hartree-Fock orbitals 2 3). 

Thus, we have the / -electron wave function with separated spatial and spin parts only in the cases of two-electron singlet states and N-electron (N- - l)-plet states. The Hartree-Fock orbitals are defined as those functions t which make the wave functions (1.5), (1.6), and (1.7) best. The usual variation technique leads to the N(case A) or v(case B) simultaneous differential equations which have to be satisfied by... 

The Hartree-Fock orbitals are expanded in an infinite series of known basis functions. For instance, in diatomic molecules, certain two-center functions of elliptic coordinates are employed. In practice, a limited number of appropriate atomic orbitals (AO) is adopted as the basis. Such an approach has been developed by Roothaan 10>. In this case the Hartree-Fock differential equations are replaced by a set of nonlinear simultaneous equations in which the limited number of AO coefficients in the linear combinations are unknown variables. The orbital energies and the AO coefficients are obtained by solving the Fock-Roothaan secular equations by an iterative method. This is the procedure of the Roothaan LCAO (linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals) SCF (self-consistent-field) method. 

Next turning to the 2p and 3p Roothan-Hartree-Fock orbitals, the post form of the square of the CDW/CDW-EIS scattering amplitudes may be given as... 

FIGURE 59. Relativistic and non-relativistic Hartree-Fock orbital energies for tin and lead... 

In the latter expression, the derivative is evaluated at the converged energy. Diagonal self-energy approximations therefore subject a frozen Hartree-Fock orbital < F(x) to an energy-dependent correlation potential Epp(E). 

Diagonal matrix elements of the P3 self-energy approximation may be expressed in terms of canonical Hartree-Fock orbital energies and electron repulsion integrals in this basis. For ionization energies, where the index p pertains to an occupied spinorbital in the Hartree-Fock determinant,... 

For many ionization energies and electron affinities, diagonal selfenergy approximations are inappropriate. Methods with nondiagonal self-energies allow Dyson orbitals to be written as linear combinations of reference-state orbitals. In most of these approximations, combinations of canonical, Hartree-Fock orbitals are used for this purpose, i.e. 

For normalized Hartree-Fock orbitals, the pole strength reads... 

It is also possible to employ highly correlated reference states as an alternative to methods that employ Hartree-Fock orbitals. Multiconfigu-rational, spin-tensor, electron propagator theory adopts multiconfigura-tional, self-consistent-field reference states [37], Perturbative corrections to these reference states have been introduced recently [38],... 

Although P3 procedures perform well for a variety of atomic and molecular species, caution is necessary when applying this method to open-shell reference states. Systems with broken symmetry in unrestricted Hartree-Fock orbitals should be avoided. Systems with high multireference character are unlikely to be described well by the P3 or any other diagonal approximation. In such cases, a renormalized elec-... 

Contrarily to conventional MP2 theory, the original formulation of MP2-R12 theory (3,4) did not provide the same results when canonical or localized molecular orbitals were used. Indeed, for calculations on extended molecular systems, unphysical results were obtained when the canonical Hartree-Fock orbitals were rather delocalized (5). In order to circumvent this problem, an orbital-invariant MP2-R12 formulation was introduced in 1991, which is the preferred method since then (6),... 

Heavy atoms exhibit large relativistic effects, often too large to be treated perturba-tively. The Schrodinger equation must be supplanted by an appropriate relativistic wave equation such as Dirac-Coulomb or Dirac-Coulomb-Breit. Approximate one-electron solutions to these equations may be obtained by the self-consistent-field procedure. The resulting Dirac-Fock or Dirac-Fock-Breit functions are conceptually similar to the familiar Hartree-Fock functions the Hartree-Fock orbitals are replaced, however, by four-component spinors. Correlation is no less important in the relativistic regime than it is for the lighter elements, and may be included in a similar manner. 

The no-pair DCB Hamiltonian (6) is used as a starting point for variational or many-body relativistic calculations [9], The procedure is similar to the nonrelativistic case, with the Hartree-Fock orbitals replaced by the four-component Dirac-Fock-Breit (DFB) functions. The spherical symmetry of atoms leads to the separation of the one-electron equation into radial and spin-angular parts [10], The radial four-spinor has the so-called large component the upper two places and the small component Q, in the lower two. The quantum number k (with k =j+ 1/2) comes from the spin-angular equation, and n is the principal quantum number, which counts the solutions of the radial equation with the same k. Defining... 

Table I. Selected values of the Raffenetti-Hartree-Fock orbitals Isg and 2shf for Be, of their locally-scaled transformed functions IsJ, and 2sgr and of their differenees di, = Ish, - Isgj,) and = (2siif — 2sgp). [Reproduced with permission from Table I Ludeiia et al. [Ill]]...

The no-pair DCB Hamiltonian (6) is used as a starting point for variational or many-body relativistic calculations [10]. The procedure is similar to the nonrelativistic case, with the Hartree-Fock orbitals replaced by the four-component... 

Following Roothaan s proposal, the Hartree-Fock orbitals are usually represented as linear combinations of a set of known basis functions xl " -... 

To get tme Hartree-Fock orbitals, an infinite set of basis functions should be included in the expansion (2.14). The question is How can we improve our... 

Now, in what is called Hartree-Fock orbital. space—or simply orbital space—the total energy is partitioned from the outset into orbital energies, e,- = ejj, 2, ... Hence we can always consider a collection of electrons and deduce their total energy from the appropriate sum of their orbital energies, remembering, however, that one must also correct for the interelectronic repulsions which are doubly counted in any sum of Hartree-Fock eigenvalues. No special problem arises with... 

Recall that the core-valence separation in molecules is described in real space [83], as any atom-by atom or bond-by-bond partitioning of a molecule is inherently a real-space problem. Equation (10.6) does indeed refer to a partitioning in real space (as opposed to the usual Hartree-Fock orbital space), both for ground-state isolated atoms or ions and for atoms embedded in a molecule, with N = 2c for first-row elements. 

The overall many-electron wave function is formed from the Hartree-Fock orbitals as an antisymmetrized product. If the individual spin orbitals are... 

Problem 9-10. How, qualitatively, might the exact Hartree-Fock orbitals for a bent AH2 molecule differ these simple LCAO molecular orbitals ... 

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