Handling Liquefied Gases

AQUAlibrium is a software package specifically designed for calculating fluid phase behavior in mixtures of natural gas and water. It is designed for use with sweet and sour gas and more particularly, acid gas. It can also handle liquefied gases. This makes AQUAlibrium... 

Liquid cryogenic gasses like nitrogen or helium should always be handled in well ventilated places. When a liquefied gas container fails, for example, by a sudden leak due to mechanical damage, large amounts of gas may come free with the risk of asphyxiation and/or cold bums. 

Somerville. R.L. Reduce Risks of Handling Liquefied Toxic Gas (Phosgene), Chem Eng. Progress, 64 (December 1990). 

Liquid ammonia is a liquefied gas. Its storage and distribution technologies therefore have much in common with other liquefied gases. Reference [399, vol. IV] summarizes the literature on storage, handling, and transportation of ammonia. 

Chlorodifluoroethane is usually encountered as a liquefied gas and appropriate precautions for handling such materials should be taken. Eye protection, gloves, and protective clothing are recommended. Chlorodifluoroethane should be handled in a well-ventilated environment. Chlorofluorocarbon vapors are heavier than air and do not support life therefore, when cleaning large tanks that have contained chlorofluorocarbons, adequate provisions for oxygen supply in the tanks must be made in order to protect workers cleaning the tanks. 

Dimethyl ether is usually encountered as a liquefied gas, and appropriate precautions for handling such materials should be taken. Eye protection, gloves, and protective clothing are recommended. 

Butane and the other hydrocarbon propellants are liquefied gases and should be handled with appropriate caution. Direct contact of liquefied gas with the skin is hazardous and may result in serious cold burn injuries. Protective clothing, rubber gloves, and eye protection are recommended. 

Physical Properties. CK has a low bp (13°C), a mp of —6°C, and a molecular mass of 61.5. Under standard conditions (STP), CK has a vapor density of about 2.1, whereas that of HCN is 0.93. Its density at 0°C is 1.2. A colorless gas at room temperamre, cyanogen chloride is often handled as a cylinder of liquefied gas. The volatility of cyanogen chloride renders it a nonpersistent threat agent. Cyanogen chloride shows solubility in water (69 g/L) and in most organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, chloroform, or benzene). 

Classification Liquefied petrol, gas Empirical C4H8 Formula CH2 CHCH2CH3 Properties Colorless liquefied gas sol. in most org. soivs. insol. in water m.w. 56.11 dens. 0.5951 (20/4 C) vapor pressure 50 psig (100 F) f.p. -185 C b.p. -6.3 C flash pt. -79 C Toxicology Asphyxiant gas handling hazards incl. fire, suffocation, and frostbite TSCA listed... 

One of the major benefits of handling gases in liquefied form is the enormous reduction in volume resulting from the liquefaction of gas. Savings are achieved because one cubic foot of liquefied gas is equivalent to many hundreds of cubic feet of gas volume at normal pressure and temperature. Thus the handling of cryogenic fluids requires less container space. 

Since dichlorosilane is a highly flammable, corrosive, and toxic liquefied gas, appropriate precautions must be taken in its storage and handling. During the handling of chlor-... 

NFPA StandarcT59, Standard ror the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases at Utility Gas Plants... 

Attenuation Another alternative to intensification is attenuation, using a hazardous material under the least hazardous conditions. Thus large quantities of liquefied chlorine, ammonia, and petroleum gas can be stored as refrigerated liquids at atmospheric pressure instead of storing them under pressure at ambient temperature. (Leaks from the refrigeration eqmpment should also be considered, so there is probably no net gain in refrigerating quantities less than a few hundred tons.) Dyestuffs which form explosive dusts can be handled as slurries. 

On many occasions combustible gas detectors have detected a leak soon after it started, and action to control it has been taken promptly. Installation of these detectors is strongly recommended whenever liquefied flammable gases or other flashing liquids are handled or when experience shows there is a significant chance of a leak [3]. Detectors are also... 

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was involved in 17% of the incidents (see Chapter 8), followed by heavy oils (see Section 12.4), gasoline, hydrogen, and hydrocarbon gases. Heavy oils are involved in so many incidents because they are often handled above their auto-ignition temperature and because they are involved in foamovers. 

The technologies for routine handling of large quantities of hydrogen have been developed in the chemical industry. Hydrogen can be liquefied at low temperature (-253°C) and delivered by cryogenic tank truck or compressed to high pressure and delivered by truck or gas pipelines. 

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