Hammond Expanders

Hammond Expanders Division of Hammond Group, Inc., Hawker Energy Products, Inc., Bipolar Power Corporation, ALABC Project B-0008.5, Development of new expander for the VRLA battery in electric vehicle applications. Final Report 1 July 1997 to 30 June 1999, Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 1999. 

One indication of the developing interest in PATs in the pharmaceutical area is the number of book chapters and review articles in this field that have appeared in the last few years. Several chapters in The Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy3 are related to the use of various optical spectroscopies in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing. Warman and Hammond also cover spectroscopic techniques extensively in their chapter titled Process Analysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry in the text Pharmaceutical Analysis.4 Pharmaceutical applications are included in an exhaustive review of near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) by Workman,5 as well as the periodic applications reviews of Process Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science in the journal Analytical Chemistry. The Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology has several chapters on spectroscopic methods of analysis, with the chapters on Diffuse Reflectance and Near-Infrared Spectrometry particularly highlighting on-line applications. There are an ever-expanding number of recent reviews on pharmaceutical applications, and a few examples are cited for Raman,7 8 NIR,9-11 and mid-IR.12... 

In 1964, E. Cuyler Hammond presented preliminary findings of the American Cancer Society s Cancer Prevention Study I (CPSI), using early follow-ups (1). He noted that men who reported that they slept 7 hr had the lowest mortality in age groups from 45 19 to 85+ years. Both those men who reported that they slept 6 hr or less and those who reported that they slept 8 hr or more had higher mortality. Statistical reliability was self-evident from trend consistency among 17 of 18 groups studied. Results with 6-year follow-up of 1 million subjects of both sexes have expanded this result with control for several possibly confounding risk factors (2). 

To a large extent, soybean insect pests are successfully managed across the United States, by implementation of diversified IPM programs (Hammond et al., 1991 Todd et al., 1994) based on timely sampling of individual fields and preservation of natural controls. Insecticide treatments typically are reserved for emergency situations, and U.S. soybean has not historically had a key pest species that warranted routine treatment. The introduction of the soybean aphid and expanded concern for higher stink bug populations in the United States may be challenging this historical... 

The transition-metal-catalyzed hydration of alkynes and related reactions adds the elements of H2O or ROH to the alkyne. Recently, Hammond and co-workers expanded these procedures further by Selecfluor in combination with a boronic... 

In Fig. 2B a semicontinuous process is shown. It was performed by Hammond et al. [18], Miller et al. [74], and Randolph et al. [64]. SCCO2 flows through a saturation vessel in which substrates are stored. The substrates can be impregnated on glasswool. The CO2 dissolves the reactants and transports them into the reactor. It is possible to produce a monophasic and saturated mixture. At the outlet of the reactor SCCO2 is expanded and all dissolved components condense. The CO2 can be recycled. 

---