Halogenated hydrocarbons halogen-substituted aliphatic

I -c-x I halogen-substituted aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons with the exception of fluoro compounds... 

Solvents can be classified into three categories according to their polarity namely, polar protic, dipolar aprotic and non-polar. Most of the common solvents fall under one of following chemical classes Aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, halogen-substituted hydrocarbons, amines, nitriles, nitro-derivatives, amides and sulfur-containing solvents (Marcus, 1998). In certain cases a mixture of two or more solvents would perform better than a single solvent. 

Tetracosane Phenyl cyclohexane Benzophenone Methyl stearate Lindane (152.2) C24H50 (338.7) C12H16 (160.3) C13H10O (182.2) C19H38O2 (298.5) CgHgClg (290.8) Hydrocarbon Aromatic hydrocarbon Aromatic ketone Aliphatic ester Halogenated hydrocarbon Non-volatile, non-polar, solid Non-volatile, non-polar, liquid Non-volatile, polar, solid Non-volatile, polar, solid Non-volatile, medium-polar, solid Surrogate for limonene Hazardous compound, should be substituted... 

Sulphuric Acid Derivatives.—In the aliphatic series we considered the hydroxyl derivatives immediately following the halogen derivatives because in that series the hydroxyl compounds are directly and eeisily prepared from the halogen substitution products by the action of silver hydroxide, AgOH, or sodium hydroxide, NaOH. In the benzene series the halogen derivatives are followed by the sulphuric acid derivatives because, in the first place, the halogen derivatives are not converted into hydroxyl compounds by treatment with silver hydroxide, and in the second place, because the sulphuric acid derivatives of the benzene hydrocarbons are easily formed directly from the hydrocarbons by action of sulphuric acid, which was not the case in the aliphatic series and because they are exceedingly important as they are readily transformed into other classes of compounds, e.g, hydroxyl compounds, phenols. 

HDPE is not soluble in any known solvent at room temperature, although several solvents (ie, xylenes) have a swelling effect. However, certain binary solution mixtures including CS2 dissolve HDPE at as low as 30-40°C. Above 80°C HDPE dissolves in many aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and their halogen-substituted derivatives. Solvents most frequently used include xylenes, tetralin, decalin, o-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. These solvents are employed for the determination of molecular weights from solution-viscosity data or by gpc. 

Halogenated plastic Polyaromatic hydrocarbons Aliphatics Substituted benzenes Halogenated aliphatics Dioxins and furans... 

Non-halogenated chemicals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Aliphatics Substituted benzenes... 

The lower members of the homologous series of 1. Alcohols 2. Aldehydes 3. Ketones 4. Acids 5. Esters 6. Phenols 7. Anhydrides 8. Amines 9. Nitriles 10. Polyhydroxy phenols 1. Polybasic acids and hydro-oxy acids. 2. Glycols, poly-hydric alcohols, polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones (sugars) 3. Some amides, ammo acids, di-and polyamino compounds, amino alcohols 4. Sulphonic acids 5. Sulphinic acids 6. Salts 1. Acids 2. Phenols 3. Imides 4. Some primary and secondary nitro compounds oximes 5. Mercaptans and thiophenols 6. Sulphonic acids, sulphinic acids, sulphuric acids, and sul-phonamides 7. Some diketones and (3-keto esters 1. Primary amines 2. Secondary aliphatic and aryl-alkyl amines 3. Aliphatic and some aryl-alkyl tertiary amines 4. Hydrazines 1. Unsaturated hydrocarbons 2. Some poly-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons 3. Alcohols 4. Aldehydes 5. Ketones 6. Esters 7. Anhydrides 8. Ethers and acetals 9. Lactones 10. Acyl halides 1. Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons Cyclic paraffin hydrocarbons 3. Aromatic hydrocarbons 4. Halogen derivatives of 1, 2 and 3 5. Diaryl ethers 1. Nitro compounds (tertiary) 2. Amides and derivatives of aldehydes and ketones 3. Nitriles 4. Negatively substituted amines 5. Nitroso, azo, hy-drazo, and other intermediate reduction products of nitro com-pounds 6. Sulphones, sul-phonamides of secondary amines, sulphides, sulphates and other Sulphur compounds... 

The aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons may contain a substituted halogen element and are often referred to as halogenated hydrocarbons. These include, for example, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride. Organic solvents are very useful and have extensive applications in industry because they help in the manufacture of oils, fats, resins, rubber, and plastics. In fact, the role of organic solvents increased in the latter half of the nineteenth century with the development of the coal-tar industry. The wide application of organic solvents grew and became diverse and global. 

---