Haematoxylon

Haematoxylon campechiamm L., Leguminosea, Ang. from central Amaica and the West Indies... 

Other important natural dyes are obtained from the heartwood of several species of leguminous trees. Logwood Haematoxylon campechianum) is a small, thorny tree native to Central America that is an important source of a dye known as hematoxylin, which has a deep, purple-red color, and can also be manufactured into a persistent black dye. The brazilette H. brasiletto) is a source of a natural red dye as are brazilwood Caesalpina brasiliensis) and sappanwood (C. sappan) of south Asia. 

From the extract of the heartwood of Haematoxylon campechianum L. (Leguminosae), a sweet principle was isolated, namely, (+)-hematoxylin (82) [100]. This compound has been used for a long time as a microscopic staining reagent, but the sweetness of this compound was not recognized previously. Also, in the same study, brazilin, the 4-deoxy derivative of (+)-hematoxylin, and a constituent of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Leguminosae), was found not to be sweet [100]. In a follow-up study. 

HjEMATOXYLON. Logwood. Haematoxylon campechianum. W. II. 547. Lignum. The wood. 

Logwood The very hard brown or brownish-red wood of a central American trea (Haematoxylon campechlanum). It contains the coloring principal haematoxylin used In staining cells for microscopy. 

H 4.67%, O 31.76%. From the heart-wood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) Chev-reul, Ann. Chim. Phys. 82, 54, 126 (1810). Structure Perkin, Robinson, J. Chem. Soc. 93, 489 (1908). Synthesis Dann, Hofmann, Angew, Chem, 75, 1125 (1963) Morsingh, Robinson, Tetrahedron 26, 281 (1970) Kirkiacharian, Billet, Bull. Soc. Chim. France 1972, 3292. Review Robinson, ibid. 1958, 125. Stereochemistry Craig et ah, J. Org. Chem. 30, 1573 (1965). 

Cl 75130. See Carotene Cl 75135. See Violoxanthin Cl 75170. See Guanine Cl 75290. See Logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum) extract Cl 75300. See Curcumin Turmeric (Curcuma longa)... 

HA. See Hydroquinone monomethyl ether Haarlem oil. See Cade oil Haematoxylin. See Hematoxylin Haematoxylon campechianum Haematoxylon campechianum extract. See Logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum) extract Hairactive . See Hydrolyzed lupine protein Hairfix. See... 

CAS 8005-33-2 EINECS/ELINCS 232-337-6 Synonyms Cl 75290 Haematoxylon campechianum Haematoxylon campechianum extract Logwood extract... 

Laurylpyridinium chloride Linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate Logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum) extract MDM hydantoin MEA-iodine Methylbenzethonium chloride ... 

Logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum) extract 232-341-8 Basic violet 1 232-347-0... 

Brazilin and hematoxylin were first isolated a long time ago from the heart wood of Caesalpinia spp. and Haematoxylon campechianum L. (Leguminosae) respectively. Aqueous plant extracts have been widely used as mordant dyes especially on silk and furs (63). The extract of the Mexican species H. braziletto was found to exhibit antibacterial activity (59). It was assumed that these compounds belong to the class of the neoflavonoids (20, 31). 

Aqueous extracts of the heartwood of Haematoxylon braziletto and H. campechianum were shown to possess antibacterial activity (59). They are bactericidal for Salmonella typhosa and Micrococcus pyrogenes var. aureus and bacteriostatic for Escherichia coli. The active principle has not been identified unequivocally. However it has been suggested that the antibacterial activity is due to brazilin (21) or its oxidation product brazilein (104) which is the actual pigment. Neither the unpigmented sapwood nor the bark of the plant contain the active compound. The comparable hematoxylin derivatives are somewhat less active. 

Craig, J. C., A. R. Naik, R. Pratt, E. Johnson, and N. S. Bhacca Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra and Stereochemistry of the Antibacterial Principle from Haematoxylon braztletto. J. Org. Chemistry 30, 1573 (1965). 

Pratt, R., and Y. Yuzuriha Antibacterial Activity of the Heartwood of Haematoxylon braziletto. J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. 48, 69 (1959). 

Logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum, Leguminosae) of tropical America was exported from about the middle of the 16th century. Subsequently, the wood extracts were also exported. In the latter half of the 19th century, the annual exports of the wood exceeded 100,000 tons. The major component of the extractives, namely hematoxylin, when oxidized, forms the dye hematin, which produces blue to black colors depending on the mordant of iron or copper salts or potassium dichromate. 

Hikino H, Thguchi T, Fujimura H, Hiramatsu Y 1977 Antiinflammatory principles of Caesalpinia sappan wood and of Haematoxylon campechianum wood. Planta Med 31 214-220... 

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