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Guanosine triphosphate roles

G proteins comprise several families of diverse cellular proteins that subserve an equally diverse array of cellular functions. These proteins derive their name from the fact that they bind the guanine nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. G proteins play a central role in signal transduction as well as in a myriad of cellular processes, including membrane vesicle transport,... [Pg.335]

Biaglow JE, Kachur AV (1997) The generation of hydroxyl radicals in the reaction of molecular oxygen with polyphosphate complexes of ferrous ion. Radiat Res 148 181-187 Biaglow JE, Field KD, Manevich Y, Tuttle S, Kachur A, Uckun F (1996) Role of guanosine triphosphate in ferric ion-linked Fenton chemistry. Radiat Res 145 554-562 Bielski BHJ (1991) Studies of hypervalent iron. Free Radical Res Commun 12/13 469-477 Bielski BHJ, Allen AO, Schwarz HA (1981) Mechanism of disproportionation of ascorbate radicals. J Am Chem Soc 103 3516-3518... [Pg.38]

Nucleotides play central roles in metabolism. They serve as sources of chemical energy (ATP and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)), participate in cellular signalling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)) and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions. Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA (Scheme 3). [Pg.61]

Achyuthan KE, Greenberg CS. Identification of a guanosine triphosphate-binding site on guinea pig liver transglutaminase. Role of GTP and calcium ions in modulating activity. J. Biol. Chem. 1987 262 1901-1906. [Pg.1666]

Microtubules are polymeric fibers that play a key role in cell division and in cell shape and motility. They are formed from subunits of the protein tubulin (molecular weight about 100 kd), which assemble into protofilaments. Each microtubule is composed of thirteen linked protofilaments. Intermediate in size are oligomers, which are short stretches of protofilaments (Correia and Williams, 1983). The assembly of microtubules is driven by the hydrolysis of the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which binds to the tubulin subunits and hydrolyzes to the diphosphate (GDP) on polymerization. The GDP can also bind to tubulin, but it inhibits microtubule assembly. The nucleotides are rapidly exchangeable when bound to tubulin, but become nonexchangeable when attached either to oligomers or to microtubules. [Pg.295]

Kawakita, M., Arai, K. and Kaziro, Y. (1974) Interactions between elongation factor Tu-guanosine triphosphate and ribosomes and role of ribosome-bound transfer RNA in guanosine triphosphatase reaction. J. Biochem. Tokyo), 76, 801-809. [Pg.94]

Inoue-Yokosawa, N., Ishikawa, C. and Kaziro, Y. (1974) The role of guanosine triphosphate in translocation reaction catalyzed by elongation factor G. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 4321-4323. [Pg.94]

In addition to their role as components of nucleoproteins, purines and pyrimidines are vital to the proper functioning of the cell. The bases are constituents of various coenzymes, such as coenzyme A (CoA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP), diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN), triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). A pyrimidine derivative, cytidine diphosphate choline, is involved in phospholipid synthe another pyrimidine compound, uridine diphosphate glucose, is an important substance in carbohydrate metabolism. Cytidine diphosphate ribitol functions in the biosynthesis of a new group of bacterial cell-wall components, the teichoic acids. While mammals excrete nitrogen derived from protein catabolism in the form of urea, birds eliminate their nitrogen by synthesizing it into the purine compound, uric acid. [Pg.390]

An important role is played by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), involved in energy exchange relatively large amounts of free energy are released when ATP is hydrolyzed. A consequence of the loss of ATP in muscle postmortem is its conversion to hypoxanthine. Some 5 -mononucleotides, intermediates in the production of hypoxanthine and with the ribose component hy-droxylated at position 6, are flavor enhancers in muscle foods. Compounds of this kind are, for example, inosine 5 -monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine 5 -monophosphate (GMP). The ATP is first converted to ADP and then to AMP by a disproportionation reaction. The AMP is then de-aminated to IMP. The IMP can degrade to inosine and eventually to hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine... [Pg.902]

The possible role of guanosine 3 -pyrophosphate-5 -triphosphate (30) in protein synthesis in E. coli has been examined. Although it can substitute for GTP reactions catalysed by initiation factor (IF)2 and elongation factor... [Pg.153]


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