Groups, performance-influencing factors

Performance-influencing factors are general conditions which increase or decrease the likelihood of specific forms of error. They can be broadly grouped into the following categories ... 

Eactors that could effect on the quality and effectiveness of barriers were identified thereafter. The notation Performance Influencing Factors (PIF) was applied to these factors. PIFs were identified for the barrier elements based on judgments in the WS, and further supplied by the project group afterwards. In the same process, comments to quality of the respective barrier elements were stated. 

Type of pack can refer to either the basic materials employed, i.e. glass, plastic, metal, etc. or the pack style/type, e.g. bottle, tube, sachet, blister. Packs may provide single (non-reclosable) use, or multi-use (reclosable). Both groups have influences on the product and have to be considered in terms of the material characteristics and the total packaging concept involving such factors as product compatibility, functional and aesthetic design, production performance, material costs, production costs and user convenience. 

However, the simplicity of the concepts also bears potential for critique. It is claimed that portfolio models serve only for visualization, but not for an analytical and prescriptive treatment of the data (Yorke and Droussiotis 1994). Moreover, practically speaking, this type of business analysis is relatively rarely performed for grouping customers into segments. Furthermore, the simplification of complex systems excludes crucial influencing factors, such as network effects (i.e., the linking up of business participants) (Yorke and Droussiotis 1994 Terho and Halinen 2007). 

In the context of a large European research project on Healthy Aging (http //healthsense.ucc.ie/), our group performed a survey of olfaetory performance in the European population. Olfactory tests and questioimaires were used to assess the influence of several factors, such as age, culture, gender, illness, medication, and lifestyle, on olfactory sensitivity. 

Prices for the different material groups (F —F ) are largely influenced by product size and shape and the quantity of production. Apart from product shape, the main price-determining factor is the performance factor K Prices for the powder, a sintered anisotropic ring, and a sintered anisotropic segment are roughly on the order of 1, 2, and 5, respectively. 

Studies have shown that this reaction is a result of transesterification between PBT and PC. Transesterification is influenced by many factors, including PBT end groups and catalyst residues. While a little copolymer formation is not a bad thing for the performance of the blend, uncontrolled reaction is unacceptable since the same material could never be made twice. Fortunately, methods to control this chemistry were developed. Generally, addition of certain phosphites is used to quench the transesterification and related reactions [45, 46], Since phosphites are also used as antioxidants and color stabilizers, the quencher was often... 

The greater basicity of alcohols over olefins is responsible for the fact that dehydration can be performed by weaker acidic sites than are necessary for olefin isomerization. There are, however, also other factors, such as participation of neighboring groups, which may influence the rate of dehydration of alcohols. 

An interesting equilibrium study was performed by Kasatani and coworkers on the interaction of a series of cyanine dyes with beta and gamma cyclodextrin, using u.v.-visible spectrophotometric measurements. The results were consistent with the enhancement of dimer formation by inclusion of the dye molecules within the cyclodextrin. As expected from the work of others, such geometrical factors " as the size of the aromatic groups and the lengths of the central methine chains strongly influence the occurrence of dimer formation within the cyclodextrin cavity. 

The influence of the sensitivity of the assessors on AEDA has been studied [11], with the result that the differences in the FD factors determined by a group of six panellists amount to not more than two dilution steps (e.g. 64 and 256), implying that the key odorants in a given extract will undoubtedly be detected. However, to avoid falsification of the result by anosmia, AEDA of a sample should be independently performed by at least two assessors. As detailed in [6], odour threshold values of odorants can be determined by AEDA using a sensory internal standard, e.g. ( )-2-decenal. However, as shown in Table 16.6 these odour threshold values may vary by several orders of magnitude [8] owing to different properties of the stationary phases. Consequently, such effects will also influence the results of dilution experiments. Indeed, different FD factors were determined for 2-methyl-3-furanthiol on the stationary phases SE-54 and FFAP 2 and 2 , respectively. In contrast, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone showed higher FD factors on FFAP than on SE-54 2 and 2, respectively. Consequently, FD factors should be determined on suitable GC capillaries [8]. However, the best method to overcome the limitations of GC-O and the dilution experiment is a sensory study of aroma models (Sect. 16.6.3). 

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