Group living

Flight by group-living species is likely to improve survival if coordinated by mutual chemosensory arousal, with the advantage of producing predator confusion. Whether such examples require a degree of altruistic selection within the social group is unresolved. 

Vaccines are recommended for high-risk groups. Live oral attenuated vaccine Ty21a and parenteral polysaccharide vaccine have been shown to confer 42% to 77% efficacy for a duration of 3 to 5 years. 

Successive addition of monomers to the end of macromolecular initiator is the usual technique for the synthesis of tailored blockcopolymers. Anionic polymerization of pivalolactone, a-pyrrolidone— and the NCA of T-methyl-D-glutamate -2 was started from the end group of a prepolymer consisting carboxylate group or acyl lactam group or amino group. Living polymer of C-capro-lactone was expected to be formed by the initiated polymerization from polymer carbanion under kinetic controlled condition. 

Pourie, G. and Trabalon, M. (2001). Plasticity of agonistic behaviour in relation to diet and contact signals in experimentally group-living of Tegenaria atrica. Chemoecology 11 175-181. 

Third, the success of the composite HC-SD model described in Section IX implies the idea that liquid water presents as if a solution of two components. The main one comprises 95% of molecules (librators), which reorient rather freely in a deep potential well and are characterized by a broken H-bond. The second component comprises 5% of molecules, which are H-bonded and perform fast vibration. Molecules of the first group live much longer than those of the second group. Thus a physical sense of the HC model is clarified in Section X as that describing dielectric response of dipoles with broken H-bonds. 

Lihoreau, M., Zimmer, C. and Rivault, C. (2007). Kin recognition and incest avoidance in a group-living insect Behav. Ecol., 18, 880-887. 

Using data from the Cooperative Institutional Research program at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), in a sample of former students who attended over 184 different institutions, students were asked to report the racial makeup of their current friends, neighborhoods, and workplace. Students who attended more diverse colleges (where at least 25 percent were students of color) had more diverse friendship groups, lived in more diverse neighborhoods, and worked in places that had more diverse... 

Barbato A, Cappuccio FP, Folkerd EJ, Strazzullo P, Sampson B, Cook DG, Alberti KG. Metabolic syndrome and renal sodium handling in three ethnic groups living in England. Diabetologia. 2004 47 40-6. 

Just as with an LD50 in adult animals where, by definition, one-half of the animals die and one-half live after acute chemical insult, and the reason(s) why one particular animal that is apparently identical to the other members of the group lives and another dies is not known. Some fetuses in a litter can be grossly malformed and the neighboring fetus can be normal. The litter effect is a term applied to the finding that, at some dose, different females treated in the same way vary in the degree and even type of response. 

Coordination polymerization of dienes has progressed significantly within the last decade. Selective polymerization of 1,3-dienes is reinforced by conventional transition metal catalysts and by new organolanthanide catalysts. Nonconjugated dienes also polymerize selectively to produce polymers with cyclic units or vinyl pendant groups. Living polymerization of dienes has become common, which enabled preparation of block copolymers of dienes with alkenes and other monomers. Another new topic in this field is the polymerization of allenes and methylenecycloalkanes catalyzed by late transition metal complexes. These reactive dienes and derivatives provide polymers with novel structure as well as functionalized polymers. The precision polymerization of 1,2-, 1,3-, and l,n-dienes, achieved in recent years, will be developed to construct new polymer materials with olefin functionality. 

Moudgil H, Honeybourne D Differences in asthma management between white European and Indian subcontinent ethnic groups living in socioeconomically deprived areas in the Birmingham (UK) conurbation. Thorax 1998 53 490-494. 

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