Sodium renal handling

Insights in the renal handling of 2,4-dichloroph-enoxyacetic acid have contributed to a better knowledge of the extent of occupational exposure to this widely used herbicide [107-111]. Recently, Kancir et al. [112] reported on a case of oliguric acute renal failure complicated by profound and recurrent hypocalcemia, severe hyperphosphatemia, and inappropriately high urinary sodium concentrations following exposure to this compound. In the studies of Manninen et al. [Ill] the peak herbicide concentration which was noted during the first 12 hours post exposure turned out... 

Labeling of iodinated aromatics with radioactive or has proved to be a valuable approach to measure GFR in nuclear medicine. Prominent among these is sodium iothalamate, which is specifically marketed in the US for GFR measurement by the name Glofil . Studies have shown that the clearance of this marker by the glomeruli is reproducible, simple, reliable and accurate, especially in children and those with advanced renal diseases [234]. This marker can also be administered by subcutaneous infusion to obtain GFR values without the need for urine collection [235]. Since very low doses (nanomolar scale) of radioactive aromatics are administered, monitoring of renal function may be achieved without disruption of normal physiologic functions. Concerns over radioactivity and associated handling costs may prevent the use of these compounds for routine GFR measurements. 

Hall JE. Mechanisms of abnormal renal sodium handling in obesity hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 1997 10 S49-S55. 

Bruun NE, Ibsen H, Skott P, Toftdahl D, Giese J, Holstein-Rathlou NH. Lithium clearance and renal tubular sodium handling during acute and long-term nifedipine treatment in essential hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 1988 75(6) 609-13. 

Barbato A, Cappuccio FP, Folkerd EJ, Strazzullo P, Sampson B, Cook DG, Alberti KG. Metabolic syndrome and renal sodium handling in three ethnic groups living in England. Diabetologia. 2004 47 40-6. 

Strazzullo P, Barbato A Galletti F Barba G Siani A lacone R D Elia L Russo O Versiero M Farinaro E Cappuccio FP Abnormalities of renal sodium handling in the metabolic syndrome. Results of the Olivetti Heart Study J Hypertens. 2006 24 1633-1639. 

Manunta P, Cusi D, Barlassina C, et al. Alpha-adducin polymorphisms and renal sodium handling in essential hypertensive patients. Kidney Int 1998 53 1471-1478. 

Renal system Epithelial swelling atrophy mild cortical calcification depressed erythropoietin synthesis Reduced glomerular filtration rate and inability to handle sodium loads polyuria metabolic acidosis... 

Baer L, Platman SR, Kassir S, Fieve RR. Mechanisms of renal lithium handling and their relationship to mineralocorticoids a dissociation between sodium and lithium or)s,.JPsychiatr Res 91 )%, 91-105,... 

Epstein, M., Lifschitz, M.D., Hoffman, D.S. and Stein, J.H. (1979). Relationship between renal prostaglandin E and renal sodium handling during water immersion on normal man. Circ. Res., 45, 71-80... 

Start by considering the renal tubular handling of ions in health. Sodium and chloride ions are readily Altered at the glomerulus. The plasma concentrations are sodium.mM, chloride.mM. Most of the Altered... 

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