Ground elder

Where there is a severe perennial weed problem such as ground elder or horsetail, put the ground in grass, by either sowing seed or laying sod. Regular mowing for two or three years should solve the problem. 

Aegopodium podagraria L. Bishop s weed, ground elder L, St V 1,2,9 Bohimann etal. 1973 Kemp 1978 Degen et al. 1999... 

Elder wood is sometimes used to make garden fences as it is more durable in the ground than iron bars. 

Mix together 1 1/2 oz. each of ground, dried elder blossoms and peppermint leaves. Add to 2 oz. of ground oatmeal and 2 oz. corn meal. Use one oz. a week to gently scrub and remove dead layers of skin. It can also be mixed... 

A Danish legend says that elder sprang from the blood of a slain countryman. Dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus) is said to grow near ancient battlefields where much blood has been shed. The species name ebulus means "to bubble up." The belief was that the blood of soldiers bubbled up from the earth. The plant does turn very red in the fall and, when it dies down, it leaves a red stain upon the ground and then disappears until the next spring. 

In Sussex, a tradition is to take an elder twig, tie it in three or four knots and carry it in one s pocket to protect the bearer from rheumatism. Elder twigs have also been used as an amulet to help prevent epilepsy. According to Anatomie of an Elder, "In the month of October, a little before the full moon, pluck a twig of the Elder and cut the part out between two joints. Cut into nine pieces, tie them up in a linen cloth and bind above the heart with thread. Tighten until the thread breaks, remove the amulet with an instrument and bury in the ground, so nobody can touch it."... 

In the last 20 years, an increased number of enterohemorrhagic diarrhea outbreaks have been caused by highly virulent E. coli strains. EHEC are capable of causing serious complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome in children and vascular disease in elderly people. E. coli serotype 0157 H7 has been the primary cause of outbreaks of EHEC, but other serotypes such as 026 and Olll are also a major public health concern. The Center for Disease Control has calculated that E. coli 0157 H7 is responsible for more than 70,000 infections and 60 deaths, and other EHEC strains cause approximately 36,000 illnesses and 30 deaths every year in the USA (Mead et al., 1999). In 1994 E. coli 0157 H7 was legally declared an adulterant in ground beef in the USA (USDA/FSIS Directive 10,010.1, 2004). Since then... 

In 1971, when the prescription charge was 0.20, the proportion of prescriptions that were exempted was 52% of the total of these, 32% were for the elderly (men over 65 and women over 60) and 20% were for non-age related reasons. In 1995, 89% of prescriptions were exempt from charge, 45% on grounds of age, which means that 44 % of prescriptions were exempt from charge for non-age related reasons. 

In contrast to ground flaxseed and SDG, ALA did not regulate glucose levels in elderly (Ezaki et al., 1992) and type-2 diabetic (McManus et al., 1996) populations fed 3 g/day and 35 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Kleeman et al. (1998) also reported that flaxseed oil had no effect on insulitis in diabetic-prone rats. In contrast to the antioxidant functions of SDG, in vivo oxidation of ALA may be in part one reason for the lack of activity of ALA in diabetes. 

Well. It was fortunate that I lay on the ground under the elder, because I had no distance to fall. 

In many cases cultivated soils have compacted areas which can severely impair tree growth. Compaction in soil may be due to factors associated with soil formation or geology, or it may have been caused by mechanical pressure from machinery or by deposits by transport and ground-levelling vehicles. If the soil is compacted it is absolutely essential to loosen the subsoil (e.g. by trenching or deep cultivation) before a new orchard is set up. Dwarfing rootstocks for apples and pears (M9, M27, quince C), elder and small fruit trees are particularly sensitive to soil compaction. 

LiEE CYCLE. The water vole lives underground, is exclusively herbivorous and feeds mainly on fresh roots (unlike the field mouse, which feeds mainly on the less succulent parts, especially the roots of the M9 apple rootstock and the elder). It makes a complex system of tunnels in the ground, reaching a length of up to 80 m and usually going down to a depth of 50 cm. 

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