Grazing-incidence reflection

In infra-red attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (IR-ATR) and grazing incidence reflection IR spectroscopy (IR-GIR) the evanescent wave of a totally... 

Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT1R), either in the transmission mode(70), the grazing incidence reflection (GI) mode(7,5) or the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode(7,2), has been the most widely used experimental tool for the characterization and structure determination of SA monolayers. GI-IR is especially useful in determining the molecular orientation in the film structures because it senses only the vibrational component perpendicular to the substrate surface(7,5). Polarized ATR-IR can also be used to study molecular orientation(7,77). McKeigue and Gula-ri(72) have used ATR-IR to quantitatively study the adsorption of the surfactant Aerosol-OT. 

FTIR spectroscopy has become a standard technique for investigating Idle structure and level of orientational order of ultrathin films, that is, films in the submicron range (2.5 to 500 nm) (9). By combining transmission spectroscopy with infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (this technique is also referred to as grazing incidence reflection), the orientation of the functional groups of the molecules in the film can be investigated. These measurements are nondestructive to the film and can be conducted at a range of temperatures and pressures. 

The polishing, construction and alignment of the Chandra mirrors and optical bench were critical for achieving high angular resolution. First, because of the need for grazing incidence reflection, the effective telescope area is small... 

This paper discusses several focussing techniques based upon grazing incidence reflection that are applicable to 100 keV. We do not consider telescopes based on Bragg or Laue crystal diffraction. They are discussed at this workshop in papers by F. Frontera, N. Lund, R. Smither, and P. Van Ballmoos. 

Grazing incidence reflection offers the following advantages ... 

Techniques for Grazing Incidence Reflection of Hard X-rays... 

External reflection IR (ERS) the techniques in this category can be a single reflection setup (reflection-absorption IR, RAIR, or grazing incidence reflection IR, GIR) or a multireflection setup (MRAIR). The single reflection technique is also frequently referred to as specular reflectance IR. 

Fig. 7. Grazing incidence reflection FTIR spectra (p-polarized) of PEO (pyrene end-labeled) ultrathin films on oxidized silicon with different thicknesses (crystallized isother-mally at 40°C). The negative bands are typical of grazing incidence reflection spectra on nonmetallic surfaces. From Ref. 42.

Calculated reflectivity (a) and penetration depth (b) for grazing incidence reflection from surfaces of Si, Pd, Fe2Cr2Ni (solid lines) at 14.4keV. The dashed lines stand for Fe2Cr2Ni near the resonance at A /To = 2. (Reproduced from Ref. 22 with permission of Springer.)... 

Infrared attenuated total-reflection spectroscopy Infrared grazing-incidence-reflection spectroscopy... 

Figure 3.4.1.4 Schematic of the RAIRS system at Liverpool. A collimated beam is diverted out of the FTIR spectrometer and focused to give a near-grazing incident reflection from the single-crystal sample. The reflected beam is passed through a wire-grid polarizer to remove...

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