Grazing incidence reflection spectrometry

Schwenke H, Beaven PA, Knoth J (1999) Applications of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in trace element and surface analysis. Fresenius J Anal Chem 365 19-27 Towle SN, Brown GE, Parks GA (1999a) Sorption of Co(II) on metal oxide surfaces I. Identification of specific binding sites of Co(II) on (110) and (001) surfaces of Ti02 (rutile) by grazing-incidence XAFS spectroscopy. J Coll Interface Sci 217 299-311... 

The first commercially successful off-line DD-HPLC/FT-IR interface was the LC Transform, made by Lab Connections [41]. With this device, nebulization is initiated ultrasonicaUy and the solvent is evaporated with either a thermospray or a concentric flow nebulizer. The solutes are first deposited on a rotating germanium disk on the underside of which a thick layer of aluminum has been deposited. After the deposition step, the disk is then moved to a specular reflection accessory that is mounted in the sample compartment of a standard FT-IR spectrometer. The developers of the LC Transform recognized that it is more convenient to measure the spectra of the components that had been deposited on the disk by reflection spectrometry than by transmission. However, the deposition of a very thin film of each eluate on a metal substrate would not allow its reflection-absorption spectrum to be measured with adequate efficiency without resorting to grazing incidence measurements, for which the disadvantages were discussed in Section 23.3.3. 

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