Graves method

A key feature of Graves method is that he publishes in true Popperian fashion, baring all to public criticism. There is rarely much criticism because few can keep up with his logic and even fewer can critically match the breadth of his argument. 

The researchers generally follow one of two different methods available for LCA (Tukker, 2004). The first method is the cradle-to-grave method. The second method is the cradle-to-factory gate or cradle-to-gate method. In the former method, the entire life of the product is considered and this includes die following processes ... 

Davis, B., Marin, M.G., Fischer, S., Graf, P., Widdicombe, XG. and Nadel, XA. (1976). New method for study of canine mucus gland secretion in vivo Cholinergic regulation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 113 257 (abstract). 

Essential research focuses on plant breeding (Muller ef al. 2000, Henatsch 2002, Lammerts van Bueren 2002, ABDP 2003), appropriate breeding objectives for livestock (Baars etal. 2003), the veterinary treatment of livestock (Walkenhorst ef al. 2004), ruminant feeding with low concentrate inputs, food quality and food quality evaluation methods (Selawry and Selawry 1957, Balzer-Graf 1987, Strube and Stolz 2000). 

The present procedure corresponds to the method described earlier by Graf.3... 

Goldsmith J.R., Graf D.L., Witters J., Northrop D. (1962) Studies in the system CaC03-MgC03-FeC03 1. Phase relations 2. A method for major element spectrochemical analysis 3. Compositions of some foreign dolomites.. /. Geol. 70, 659-688. 

A genetic method for random circular permutation of any gene was first described by Graf and Schachmann (Graf et al., 1996). The method... 

Graf, R., and Schachman, H. K. (1996). Random circular permutation of genes and expressed polypeptide chains Application of the method to the catalytic chains of aspartate transcarbamoylase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 11591-11596. 

Jurgen Graf applies the methods of critical analysis to Hilberg s evidence and examines the results in the light of ... 

Graf, C., et al. (2003) A general method to coat colloidal particles with silica. Langmuir 19 6693-6700. 

Wolf, M. Batsche, H Graf, W. Rauert, W. Trimbom, P. Klarr, K. von Stempel, C. In Paleohydrogeological Methods and their Applications for Radioactive Waste Disposal, Proc. NEA workshop 9-10 Nov 1992, OECD, Paris, 1993, pp.207-218. 

Graf, P., Nitzan, A., Kurnikova, M.G., Coalson, R.D. A dynamic lattice Monte Carlo model of ion transport in inhomogeneous dielectric environments Method and implementation. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000,104,12324-38. 

Hermann C, von Aulock S, Graf K, Hartung T (2003) A model of human whole blood lymphokine release for in vitro and ex vivo use. J Immunol Methods 275 69-79... 

A different procedure was used by Graf and Lehn (1975, 1981) to prepare the triaza-18-crown-6 compounds (method M-8). This method uses the p-... 

The 4,10,16-triaza-18-crown-6 macrocycle shown above was first prepared by Lehn and coworkers (Graf and Lehn, 1975 Lehn, 1985) and was an important intermediate for the synthesis of the first macrotetracyclic polyethers (Canceill et al., 1982 Kotzyba-Hibert et al., 1981 Pratt et al., 1988). The key step in this synthesis was conversion of A-tosyldiethanolamine [TsN(CH2CH20H)2] into the diacid dichloride, TsN(CH2CH20CH2C0Cl)2. As shown above, this conversion was accomplished by reaction with chlo-roacetic acid followed by oxalyl chloride (method A) (Miller et al., 1989) or by chloromethylation, sodium cyanide, hydrolysis and conversion of the diacid to the diacid dichloride (method B) (Graf and Lehn, 1981). The third hypothetical method to the diacid dichloride shown above starts with tosylamide and 5-chloro-3-oxa-l-pentanol followed by Jones oxidation and thionyl chloride (method C) (Qian et al., 1990). 

Addition of hydrogen cyanide or nitriles to olefins in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid or some other strong acid is a preparatively important method of synthesizing alkylated amides containing secondary or tertiary alkyl groups on the nitrogen atom (the Graf-Ritter reaction) 20-26... 

The physico-chemical properties of the supports and vanadium oxide catalysts are listed in Table 2. The catalysts are labeled XVj/M, where X corresponds to the % by weight of vanadium, V to vanadium, p to the preparation method (imp=impregnation, graf=grafting) and M to the support. No marked effect of the deposition of titanium oxide on the specific surface area of the silica was detected in the case of the support TSm, while, in the case of the vanadium-based catalysts, a decrease in Sbet was observed. The vanadium surface densities are calculated as number of vanadium atoms per square nanometer of catalyst (V/nm oat) to facilitate a comparison of the samples prepared on different surface area supports [6]. The vanadium contents of the samples are quite smaller than the theoretical monovanadate monolayer coverage of 2.3 VO,/nm" [6]. 

The commonly accepted method for the analysis of ATP is based on enzymatic determination employing the lantern firefly extract luciferin— luciferase a detailed review has been presented by Deluca (1977). Methods for the analysis of ATP, ADP and AMP may be found in the reports by Skjoldal and Bamstedt (1977), Karl and Holm-Hansen (1978), Witzel (1979) and Graf and Lagaly (1980). In the majority of investigations, the seawater particulates and the microporous filters used for collection were extracted with boiling Tris buffer (0.02 M, pH 7.8) for periods between 1 and 5 min. To avoid stress on the cells, the volume filtered should be kept to a minimum (50—200 ml). The extracts obtained may be stored deep frozen for several months prior to analysis back in the laboratory. 

Graf, R. and Dintzis, F.R. (1982) High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of phytate. Analytical Biochemistry 119, 413-117. 

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