GRAS definition

The USDA considers most spices generaHy recognized as safe (GRAS). There are no standards of identity or legal definitions of spices. Spices used in dmgs must meet the official standards of the US. Pharmacoepla in force. Advisory specifications may also be appHed in commercial spice trading. 

An ingredient used in food prior to January 1, 1958 can be considered GRAS under the conditions of its intended use based on common use in food. PDA prior approval generally is not necessary. A post-1958 food ingredient that is generally recognized by qualified experts as safe, under the conditions of its intended use based on scientific tests, is GRAS by definition and therefore is not a food additive and does not require PDA approval prior to use. 

A gra[. is defined as a set of elements V, with a binary relation E defin on the set- Usually circles represent vertices ( elements) and lines, usually referred to as edges, represent binary relations- The binary relation is both symmetric and anti reflexive- The classical text of Harary s Graph Theory [ll] collects several of the more popular types of graphs- One observes the inherent generality of the definition of graphs There are no restrictions on what the set of elements, V, represents or to what the binary relation, E, corresponds- If we model a chemical structure, V, may be the set of atoms, while E the set of bonds present, but equally E may represent "close" atomic contacts (such as those occuring in crowd molecules, etc-)- Atlernatively V... 

The name canola was registered by the Western Canadian Oilseed Cmshers in 1978 and subsequently transferred to the Canola Council of Canada in 1980. It included those cultivars containing less than 5% emcic acid in the oil and 3 mg/g aliphatic glucosinolates in the meal. In 1986, the definition of canola was amended to B. napus and B. rapa lines with less than 2% emcic acid in the oil and less than 30 pmol/g glucosinolates in the air-dried, oil-free meal. The oil was added to the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list of food products in the United States. 

Evidence of GRAS must relate to the conditions of intended use general recognition of the safe use of a substance in a different product or at a different level would not suffice to escape the food additive definition. The exception turns not on safety itself so much as on recognition of safety by scientific experts. Testimony of an absence of any evidence of a health hazard would not suffice to establish GRAS status, at least not unless coupled with evidence of common prior use. If GRAS status is premised on common use prior to 1958, then such use must have been fairly extensive. 

Flavourings fall under the definition of food additives. They therefore need either an approval or an evaluation as GRAS. For better understanding see Table 7.2 and ]90]. 

The primary consideration of the FDA in the area of flavors is their safety for their intended use for human consumption. Although many would like a perfect world where everything is absolutely safe, the FDA along widi the laws that define food additives and GRAS substances that can be used in food recognizes that the definition of safe must be based on the reasonable certainty that no harm will result in die material s use in the food supply. Section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act requires that a food additive be shown to be safe under its intended conditions of use before it is allowed in foods. A food additive therefore must meet the government s (FDA) requirements for safety prior to... 

Definition Bark of tree Gaiipea officinaiis Properties YIsh. liq., aromatic unpleasant musty odor, burning bitter flavor Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods Regulatory FDA 21CFR 182.10, GRAS Japan approved... 

Definition Extract derived from Acacia catechu Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods, pharmaceuticals medicine (astringent, control of nosebleeds and hemorrhages, externally to treat boils and ulcers) hair dyes Regulatory FDA 21CFR 172.510 FEMA GRAS... 

Definition Acorus calamus Uses Natural flavoring agent prohibited in foods Regulatory FDA 21CFR 189.110 prohibited in foods FEMA GRAS delisted Calamus oil CAS 8015-79-0 FEMA 2227... 

Definition Extract of flowers of Calendula officinalis Toxicology LD50 (IP, mouse) 300 mg/kg Uses Emollient in cosmetics topical antiinflammatory natural flavoring agent in foods use as colorant in cosmetics prohibited In U.S. Regulatory FDA GRAS not listed as approved... 

Definition Extract of the bark of Cinnamomum spp. Uses Naturai flavoring agent in foods Regulatory FDA 21CFR 182.20, GRAS See also Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) extract , Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeyianicum) extract... 

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