Grapes, pesticide determination

Zweig and Cosens (7) have reported the results of residue analysis of these same samples by bioassay and total count procedures they are of the same order of magnitude. Residues in potatoes and grapes were determined jointly by Abbott Laboratories and the Pesticide Residue Research Laboratory, University of California. 

Behavioral and Hormonal Chemicals. Sex pheromones, which attract pests to traps, are used effectively to control some insect pests, like the grape berry moth (46) and cabbage looper. With other Insect pests, sex pheromones have been effectively used to monitor the size of pest insect populations to determine when pesticide treatments should be made. 

For online coupling to GC, GPC columns must be smaller than those currently used. A column packed with polystirene PSS SDV was used to measure chlorinated pesticides in olive oil, fat extracts of chicken and fish, and lettuce (75). GPC can be used for the automated online cleanup and determination of 22 OPPs in various fruits, such as apples, grapes, and kiwi fruit (80). 

A wide number of analytical methods are available for the determination of pesticides in grapes and wine. Here we report some of the methods commonly used for the MRL control and for the study of pesticide behavior in field experiments and wine-making. 

Multiresidue method for the determination of pesticides residues in grape (QuEChERS)(Anastassiades et al., 2003)... 

Pesticides are extracted from the grape with ethyl acetate and directly determined by LC-MS/MS analysis without further clean-up. 

Multiresidue determination of pesticide residues in grape extracts can be performed using LC/MS/MS (Jansson et al., 2004 Banerjee et al., 2007 Venkateswarlu et al., 2007). Typical analytical conditions used are reported in Table 9.13 Table 9.14 reports the MS/MS parameters. 

Figure L (A) PHWE-MMLLE-GC-MS apparatus and (B) determination of pesticides in grapes by the system.

Evaluation of Paraquat Use and Applicator Exposure in Grape Vineyards," project completion report to the Southern Region Pesticide Impact Assessment Program, Washington, O.C., 1981. Lavy, T.L. Project Completion Report to Nation Forest Products Association on Determination of 2,4-D Exposure Received by Forestry Applicators, Spring, 1980. 

Amvrazi, E. Tsiropoulos, N. (2009). Chemometric Study and Optimization of Extraction Parameters in Single-Drop Microextraction for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Grapes and Apples by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. /, Chromatogr. A, Vol.1216, N°14, pp. 7630-7638, ISSN 00219673. 

Afify AE-MMR, Mohamed MA, El-Gammal HA, Attallah FR. Multiresidue method of analysis for determination of 150 pesticides in grapes using quick and easy method (QuEChERS) and LC-MS/MS determination. J Food Agri Environ 2010 8 602-6. 

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