Granulocyte apoptosis

W6. Ward, C., Dranstield, I., Chilvers, E. R., Haslett, C., and Rossi, A. G., Pharmacological manipulation of granulocyte apoptosis Potential therapeutic targets. TIPS 20,503-509 (1999). 

REGULATION OF GRANULOCYTE Apoptosis by External Mediators - A Control POINT FOR Granulocyte Tissue longevity.>... 

Ward C, Chilvers ER, Lawson MF, Pryde JG, Fujihara S, Farrow SN, Haslett C, Rossi AG NF-kB activation is a critical regulator of human granulocyte apoptosis in vitro. J Biol Chem 1999 274 4309-4318. 

Ward C, Dransfield I, Murray J, Farrow SN, Haslett C, Rossi AG Prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites induce caspase-dependent granulocyte apoptosis that is mediated via inhibition of IkB- degradation using a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y-independent mechanism. J Immunol 2002 168 6232-6243. 

Haslett C, Savill JS, Whyte MKB, Stern M, Dransfield I, Meagher LC Granulocyte apoptosis and the control of inflammation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 1994 345 327-333. 

Haslett C. Granulocyte apoptosis and its role in the resolution and control of lung inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 160 85. 

Dibbert B. Daigle I. Braun D. Schranz C, Weber M. Blaser K. Zangemeister-Wittke U. Akbar AN. Simon HU Role for Bcl-xL in delayed eosinophil apoptosis mediated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5. Blood 1998 92 778-783. 

Kelly ML, Tang Y, Rosensweig N, Clejan S, Beckman BS (1998) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor rescues TF-1 leukemia cells from ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis through a pathway mediated by protein kinase Ca. Blood 92 416-424... 

In contrast to catechol and hydroquinone, phenol was a weak inducer of apoptosis in HL60 human promyelocytic leukaemia cells, and had an apoptotic effect only at the highest concentration tested (0.75 mmol/L) (Moran et al., 1996). Phenol (< 10 mmol/L) had no effect on the colony formation of granulocytes/macrophages induced by a recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor of murine bone-marrow cells (Irons et al., 1992). 

Takemura et al. [155] described TUNEL positivity, and Hayakawa et al. [152] described caspase-3 positivity in infiltrated and proliferated interstitial cells in an experimental model of MI, suggesting that apoptosis might play an important role in the disappearance of these cells after MI. Consistent with these studies, we found positive reaction for cleaved caspase-3 in neutrophil granulocytes in the interstitium in acute MI in humans (Fig. 4B). 

Increased apoptosis of neutrophils has been reported in a 45-year-old woman with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (142). Withdrawal of clozapine and treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor led to normalization of the blood neutrophil count within 3 weeks. 

Preparations from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata have been used as traditional remedies in Ayurvedic medicine in India for inflammatory diseases (1). The gum contains substances that have anti-inflammatory properties they are pentacyclic triterpenes related to boswellic acid, which inhibit leukotriene biosjmthesis in neutrophilic granulocytes by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase. Certain boswellic acids also inhibit elastase in leukocytes, inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and inhibit topoisome-rases in cancer cell lines. 

---