Gramineae family

Rice is an annual grass that belongs to the Gramineae family. The cultivated species of rice are basically two, namely, the Asian Oryza sativa (common rice), growing worldwide, and the African Oryza glaberrima, growing on a limited scale in West... 

Another plant family in which the occurrence of resorcinolic lipids was demonstrated is the Gramineae family. The pioneering work of Wenkert has demonstrated the existence of substantial amounts of 5-n-alkylresorcinols in wheat bran [93]. Later, the occurrence of resorcinolic lipid in rye [94] and barley [95] has been shown, compared with other families [96-98] and also shown among lower plants. A number of further studies have been concerned with the determination, localization and characterization of various resorcinolic lipids present in cereal grains [99-103]. Later, the occurrence of resorcinolic lipids has been demonstrated in an increasing number of plant sources. 

It is rather unfortunate that the term "cereals" has come to be associated with breakfast foods. The justification for this is that breakfast foods are products that are mostly made from cereals. However, products such as breads, cookies (biscuits), pastries, noodles, and pasta are usually not referred to as cereals. The more scientific definition of cereals is that they are cultivated grasses of the Gramineae family that include wheat, rice, maize (corn), barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, and triticale. The grain from these cereals provides a large proportion of the world s food. 

What are the general characteristics of plants that belong to the Gramineae family ... 

G. Getreidearten F. cdrdales C. are any of a variety of mostly - monocotyledo-nous crops of the gramineae family used for food and as RR such as - wheat, - oats, - barley, - rice, rye, triticale, - com and - sorghum. Their... 

Plants causing allergenic reactions by inhalation of pollen grains are numerous and widely distributed. Plant families whose pollen causes allergic reactions include Gramineae,... 

In the family of the Gramineae, which includes some of man s most important crops, active lignification seems to be of special importance for induced resistance mechanisms (19,20). This may be correlated with the nearly complete absence of phytoalexins in this family (21). In spite of an intensive search for such infection-induced fungitoxic substances, no phytoalexins have been found in wheat to date (22). Nevertheless, induced lignification has been shown to play an important role in disease resistance of wheat against a variety of fungal pathogens (4) ... 

Com (Zea mays L.) is a leading cereal crop in the United States and is also referred to as maize. Com is classified in the tribe Maydeae of the Gramineae or grass family. The com plant may have developed from teosinte, a wild grass found in Mexico and Guatemala. The oldest evidence of com found in South America dates back to about 1000 BC and in North America to at least 2000 BC. Com was a major food and daily bread of the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas of Central and South America. Spaniards who came with Christopher Columbus and were sent to explore the interior of Cuba in 1492 returned with a report of a sort of grain they call maize which was well tasted, baked, dried, and made into flour (Wallace and Brown, 1956). 

Hydroxamic acids are commonly occurring secondary metabolites in cultivated and wild Gramineae.16,27,43 This family of compounds has not been found in cereal seeds, but they can be detected easily in seedlings and mature plants of cereals such as wheat, corn or rye.3 The presence of these compounds is species dependent and is also influenced by the age of the plant, temperature, photoperiod and organ assayed.4,14,19 Their occurrence has been broadly related with the resistance of cereals (corn, wheat, wild rye, giant reed, etc) to insects and disease organisms. 1... 

Jerusalem artichoke is classified in the genus Helianthus L., in the family Asteraceae (Aster or Daisy family), in the order Asterales (Table 3.1). Asteraceae is the modem family name, introduced to supersede Compositae under Article 18 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, 1972. Compositae is used in the pre-1972 literature as the family name for Jerusalem artichoke, and it is still acceptable to use it as the family name (in the same way Cruciferae, Gramineae, and Leguminoseae, for instance, are used for the Brassicaceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae, respectively). 

Thirty-four naturally occurring compounds that incorporate the oxazole moiety have been isolated thus far. The sources are diverse—plants of the families Gramineae and Rutaceae, nudibranch egg masses, and microorganisms, the latter having furnished the majority of the compounds. With three exceptions, the marine and bacterial oxazoles appear to have been formed from peptides of aliphatic amino acids, while the oxazoles of the Gramineae and Rutaceae arise from the chorismic acid-phenylalanine pathway. The oxazoles have not been... 

Guenther, E. (1982) The Essential Oils, Individual Essential Oils of the Plant Families Gramineae, Lauraceae, Burseraceae, Myrtaceae, Umbelliferae and Greraniaceae, Volume 4. Van Nostrand, New York, pp. 634-645. 

After a few weeks, the mycelium solidifies to the externally dark-colored, internally white pseudoparenchyma, which forms the so-called sclerotium known as ergot. The fungus Claviceps purpurea and related species also attack other plants of the Gramineae (1) family and form sclerotia, the shape and size of which vary with the species of the host plant. The official form of ergot, however, is the product that forms on the ears of rye. 

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