Gramineae

M.p. 234-235 C. Hydrolyses to aspartic acid. L-asparagine can be prepared from lupin seedlings, and DL-asparagine is synthesised from ammonia and maleic anhydride. L-asparagine is very widely distributed in plants, being found in all the Leguminosae and Gramineae, and in many other seeds, roots and buds. 

Evidence of the role of organic solutes in maintaining osmolarity and electroneutrality in halophytic Gramineae is equivocal (Wyn Jones, Gorham McDonnell, 1984). Results of analyses of bulk tissue are difficult to interpret because the location of the organic solutes within cells and within tissues is likely to have an important bearing on their roles. Among different species some solutes may be more important than others, and their relative importance may vary with salinity and with tissue age and condition. 

Plants causing allergenic reactions by inhalation of pollen grains are numerous and widely distributed. Plant families whose pollen causes allergic reactions include Gramineae,... 

Another very important finding was the observation of the inability of species other than Gramineae to utilize tyrosine tis a lignin precursor [cf. 24, 112, 113). This is now known to be due to the presence or absence of the enzyme tyxase [cf. (81, 82)]. 

Dimeric forms of ferulic and p-coumaric acids also occur in bound form within plant cell walls. The most common of these is didehydroferulic acid 23, which has been isolated from some plants of the Gramineae (53,54) and spinach cell cultures (7). While no such p-coumaric acid 2 derived dimer (i.e., C5-C5 linked) has ever been reported, cell walls of Lolium multiflorum contain another intriguing structural variation, namely 4,4 -dihydroxytruxillic acid 24 (5,55). 

In the family of the Gramineae, which includes some of man s most important crops, active lignification seems to be of special importance for induced resistance mechanisms (19,20). This may be correlated with the nearly complete absence of phytoalexins in this family (21). In spite of an intensive search for such infection-induced fungitoxic substances, no phytoalexins have been found in wheat to date (22). Nevertheless, induced lignification has been shown to play an important role in disease resistance of wheat against a variety of fungal pathogens (4) ... 

Kaneta, M., and N. Sugiyama. Identification of flavone compounds in eighteen Gramineae species. Agr Biol Chem 1973 37 2663-2665. 

OE227 Liccardi, G., M. Russ, A. Piccolo, et al. The perennial pattern of clinical symptoms in children monosensitized to Olea europaea pollen allergens in comparison with subjects with Parietaria and Gramineae pollinosis. Allergy Asthma Proc 1997 18(2) 99-105. 

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