Gram negative prokaryotes

At present, transmembrane /1-barrel proteins have been found exclusively in the outer membrane of gram-negative prokaryotes these membranes seem to lack a-helical proteins. Accordingly, a separation exists between a-proteins in all cytoplasmic membranes and /1-proteins in the specialized outer membranes. Following the endosymbiotic hypothesis, /1-proteins are also expected in the outer membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, butnone of these proteins has yet been structurally elucidated. Given the limited abundance of such membranes, the /1-proteins are likely to make up only a small, special class of membrane proteins. 

The PPP handles pentoses and is important for nucleotide (ribose-5-phosphate) and fatty acid biosynthesis (NADPH2). The Entner-Doudoroff pathway catabolizes glucose into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. It is important primarily in Gram negative prokaryotes. ... 

Gram-negative. Prokaryotic cells with thin layers of peptidoglycan which is enveloped by an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other complex macromolecules. 

Lipid A constitutes the covalently bound lipid component and the least variable component of LPS (25). It anchors LPS to the bacterial cell by hydrophobic and electrostatic forces and mediates or contributes to many of the functions and activities that LPS exerts in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In the following sections, the primary structure of lipid A of different Gram-negative bacteria is described, together with some of its characteristic biological properties. Furthermore, this article describes some of the principal methods that have been used for the structural analysis of lipid A and discusses their merits and limitations. 

Quinolones and fluoroquinolones inhibit DIMA gyrase (prokaryotic topoisomerase II), preventing DNA replication and transcription. These dmgs, which are most active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria, indude ... 

The peptidoglycan (protein and oligosaccharide) cell wall protects the prokaryotic cell from mechanical and osmotic pressure. A Gram-positive bacterium has a thick cell wall surrounding the plasma membrane, whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner cell wall and an outer membrane, between which is the periplasmic space. 

Prokaryote domain (EU) BACTERIA PROTEOBACTERIA Gram-negative bacteria, primitively photosynthetic or chemolithotrophic, with several groups that developed aerobic respiration original source of mitochondria of eukaryotes includes anaerobic PA, chemo-autotrophs (e.g. ammonium oxidisers), oxygen or nitrate respiring H pseudomonads Nitromonas, Pseudomonas... 

---