Aerobic bacteria, Gram-negative

PHAs are synthesized by numerous Gram-positive bacteria, aerobic (cyanobacteria) and anaerobic (non-sulfur and sulfur purple bacteria) photosynthetic bacteria, Gram negative bacteria as well as some Archaebacteria. They serve as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds.PHAs are accumulated by bacteria as water-insoluble cytoplasmic inclusions, the number per cell and size of which varies among different species (Figure 3.3). ... 

Rnss R, C Muller, H-J Knackmuss, A Stolz (1994) Aerobic biodegradation of 3-aminobenzoate by Gram-negative bacteria involves intermediate formation of 5-aminosalicylate as ring-cleavage substrate. FEMS Microbiol Lett 122 137-144. 

Fallik E, Y-K Chan, RL Robson (1991) Detection of alternative nitrogenases in aerobic gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacteria. J Bacteriol 173 365-371. 

I Bite-wound infections generally are polymicrobial. On average, five different bacterial species can be isolated from an infected animal bite wound.3 Both the normal flora of the biter s mouth and that of the bite recipient s skin can be implicated. The bacteriology of the cat and dog mouth is quite similar. Pasteurella multocida, a gram-negative aerobe, is one of the predominant pathogens, isolated in up to 50% of dog and 75% of cat bites. S. viridans are the most frequently cultured bacteria from human bite wounds.3,43 Table 70-10 provides a comprehensive list of cat, dog, and human bite-wound pathogens. 

Poly(HASCL) depolyme rases of Gram negative aerobic bacteria ... 

Nevertheless, a rapid disappearance of resistant bacteria was observed after stopping the antibiotic treatment (fig. 5). Different kinetics of disappearance were, however, observed. The aerobic species showed a more rapid return to the baseline sensitive status whereas the anaerobic bacteria, especially the Gram-negative rods, regained sensitivity to rifaximin more slowly. In any case, 3 months after the end of treatment resistant strains were no longer detectable in the feces [82], These results support the cyclic use of rifaximin that has been adopted by the investigators in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy [77] and colonic diverticular disease [79]. 

Rifaximin, a virtually nonabsorbed antibiotic, is a semisynthetic rifamycin derivative, with a broad antimicrobial spectrum that includes most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, both aerobes and anaerobes [1, 2], Unlike systemically available antibiotics, this antimicrobial allows localized targeting (e.g. enteric or cutaneous) of pathogens and is associated with a minimal risk of systemic toxicity or side effects [3, 4], Provided that nonabsorbed antibiotics are as effective as systemically absorbed drugs for the target illness, their safety and toler-... 

The answer is e. (Hardman, pp 1092-10945 Cefoxitin and cefmeta-zole are suitable for treating intraabdominal infections. Such infections are caused by mixtures of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria like B. fragilis. Cefoxitin alone has been shown to be as effective as the traditional therapy of clindamycin plus gentamicin. 

Quinolones and fluoroquinolones inhibit DIMA gyrase (prokaryotic topoisomerase II), preventing DNA replication and transcription. These dmgs, which are most active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria, indude ... 

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