Grain water content

Clay, in one particle classification system, consists of inorganic particles less than 0.005 mm in size. In another system, clay is a fine-grained inorganic. soil that can be made plastic by adjusting the water content. When dried, clay exhibits considerable strength (i.e., clay loses its plasticity when dried and its strength when wetted). Also, it will shrink when dried and expand when moisture is added. 

Atterberg-limit tests determine the water content influence in defining liquid, plastic, semisolid and solid states of fine-grained soils. Permeability tests may be carried out in the laboratory or in the field. Such tests are used to determine the hydraulic conductivity coefficient k. ... 

Capillary barrier ET cover systems may also eliminate the need for a separate biointrusion and/ or gas collection layer. The coarser-grained layer can act as a biointrusion layer to resist root penetration and animal intrusion, due to its particle size and low water content. The coarser-grained layer can also act as a gas collection layer, because the soil properties and location within the cover system are comparable with a typical gas collection layer in a conventional cover system.3944... 

When sediment settles onto the seafloor, a considerable amount of sediment is trapped between the grains. As discussed in Chapter 12.2.2, pelagic sediments can initially have equal parts of pore water mixed with the solids. As burial progresses, compaction causes the upward vertical advection of pore water, thereby reducing the water content of the... 

Soil type and heterogeneity of the soil influence well locations and well screen intervals. As the percentage of fine grains in the soil increases, permeability decreases and water content increases. In fine-grained soils, the effective radius of treatment of DVE is reduced, meaning there is a smaller area where the vacuum is sufficient to induce in situ volatilization of hydrocarbons. 

When bituminous sand is mixed and heated with water into a mortar-like pulp, the oil is dispersed into small oil flecks which lie unattached among the sand grains. The content of clayey material in bituminous sand plays an important role in fleck formation and fleck formation plays an important role in the hot water separation process. In the rare cases of bituminous sands containing practically no clay, the separation process proceeds unsatisfactorily. 

Mineral type Grain size distribution Water content Permeability Structure... 

In seeds, lipases may cause fat hydrolysis unless the enzymes are destroyed by heat. Palm oil produced by primitive methods in Africa used to consist of more than 10 percent of free fatty acids. Such spoilage problems are also encountered in grains and flour. The activity of lipase in wheat and other grains is highly dependent on water content. In wheat, for example, the activity of lipase is five times higher at 15.1 percent than at 8.8 percent moisture. The lipolytic activity of oats is higher than that of most other grains. 

In order to establish statistically usable data on the briquetting behaviour of Rhenish brown coals, the 15 brown coal lithotypes were briquetted under identical conditions (water content, grain size distribution and mould pressure) with a laboratory press. 

The Cl chondrites represent one of the most curious paradoxes of cosmochemistry. Despite their unfractionated compositions, the Cl chondrites are the most altered of all chondrites, with water contents of —19.5 wt.% (Nagy et al., 1963). Anhydrous phases (olivines and pyroxenes) represent less than 1 vol.% of these meteorites (Leshin et al., 1997). Cl chondrites are complex meteorites that consist of a dark, fine-grained matrix comprised of phyllosilicates with magnetite, sulfides, carbonates, and sulfates embedded within it (e.g., DuFresne and Anders, 1962 Nagy, 1966). They have experienced extensive breccia-tion on their asteroidal parent bodies that caused... 

The action of trichloromethyl chloroformate on foodstuffs varies according to whether these are high in water content, like fresh meat, milk, wine, or beer, or low in water content, like grain, flour, coffee, etc. The water-rich foods absorb large quantities of trichloromethyl chloroformate, which then decomposes into hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide, so that their edibility depends upon the quantity of hydrochloric acid which they have absorbed. The drier foods can be purified, as in the case of phosgene, by exposure to a current of warm, dry air. 

However, if sand becomes saturated with water (that is, its pores become completely water-filled as they are in quick sand), then the sand will flow in a process known as lateral spreading. Water-saturated sand flows because the weight of the sand is supported (at least temporarily) by the water, and so the grains are not continuously in contact. Apparently then, the slope of a pile of sand is dependent on water content, and either too little or too much water lowers the stable slope. This illustrates how slope stability is a function of water content. 

It follows that only a certain fraction of all the Rn atoms formed in the material grains can escape into the pore space. This is the emanation fraction of the material. In the pore space the Rn atom diffuses through the tortuous pore paths. This process is governed largely by diffusion, although convective processes may also assist in the transport e.g. if pressure differentials exist across the material. Water content again... 

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