Graft copolymers of cellulose

Deters, and Huang (129) describe the formation of graft copolymers of cellulose triacetate and vinyl chloride in vibratory mill treatments. Through hydrolytic degradation of the triacetate backbone, they isolated the polyvinyl chloride side chains and characterized them by infrared spectroscopy and cryoscopic molecular weight determination. The length of the side chains has been found to be between 15 and 30 vinyl chloride units. 

Weldons, J. D., and V. Stannett Some properties of isolated graft copolymers of cellulose acetate and styrene. Polymer preprint A.C.S. Meeting, Detroit, Michigan April 1965. 

Graft Copolymerization. Graft copolymers of cellulose and cellulose derivatives were prepared in a quartz reactor containing 0.5 g oven dried sample, 10 ml monomer and 100 ml water at 45°C. The grafting mixtures or solutions were photo-irradiated with the ultraviolet light of X > 254 nm and X >... 

Variables affecting the homopolymer yields in acid have been examined and include radiation dose, dose-rate and concentration of monomer in solvent. Water is shown to have a different effect to acid. M values on all homopolymers from the above runs are lower in acid than in neutral solution. The significance of the molecular weight data in grafting and homopolymerisation is discussed especially with respect to possible commercial applications of the graft copolymers of cellulose. 

Figure 5. GPC curves of 1, cellulose nitrate 2, polyf methyl methacrylate) 3, physical mixture of cellulose nitrate and polyf methyl methacrylate) and 4, graft copolymer of cellulose nitrate-g-poly-(methyl methacrylate). (Reprinted, with permission, from Ref. 21. 

Table 8. Material balance for the isolation of true graft copolymer of cellulose...

Vinyl monomers that can be grafted to cellulose to achieve adhesive properties are acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, and many others. Graft copolymers of cellulose derivatives have also found use as adhesives. For example, vinylacetate-grafted hydroxyethylcellulose can be used as an adhesive for packaging and tile ( ). Grafting of vinyl monomers onto lignocellulosic materials can convert them into suitable adhesive materials (0). 

Graft Copolymers of Cellulose Derivatives. Modification of cellulose derivatives via graft copolymerization reaction has gradually gained popularity. An... 

Graft copolymers of cellulose with glycidyl methacrylate yield cation-exchange materials with sodium hydrogen sulfite100) and cationites with ammonia, monoethanolamine and diethylamine. 

A separate and promising trent in the chemical modification of cellulose is the synthesis of graft copolymers of cellulose with various vinyl and diem monomers. This is a big problem of independent interest our results in this line obtained in recent years have been published in special revies articles (3). 

Similar polymer compatibilization effects were observed by Wellons and co-workers (19) on radiation graft copolymers of cellulose acetate and polystyrene and by Riess and his colleagues (20) on various block copolymers. Hughes and Brown (21) also reported some evidence of compatibilization in a... 

In general, graft copolymers consist of a polymer backbone to which another polymer is chemically attached as side chains. The backbone and side chain polymers may be homopolymer, random copolymers, block copolymers or mixtures of the various types. For example, most graft copolymers of cellulose consist of a homopolymer backbone (cellulose) and another homopolymer (e.g. polystyrene) or a random copolymer (e.g. polystyrene-co-acrylic acid). 

Other compounds that can be added across the double bonds are carbon tetrachloride, phosphorus trichloride, and methyl alcohol. Many graft copolymers of cellulose were reported. Some are described in Chap. 9. 

In general, there seems to be some doubt whether the properties of a graft copolymer are substantially different from a blend of the individual polymers. In a particular case examined at Wantage Research Laboratory, graft copolymers of cellulose acetate and vinyl acetate showed little difference in properties between the grafted material and a blend. However, such arguments would not apply in the case of surface treatments. 

Chauhan GS, Guleria L, Sharma R. Synthesis, characterization and metal ion sorption studies of graft copolymers of cellulose with glycidyl methacrylate and some comonomers. Cellulose 2005 12 97-110. 

Similar processes have been observed using metal(O) vapor deposition on polymers, metal dissolution in the presence of polymers, mechanochemical syntheses involving macromolecular ligands, etc. However, transition metal reduction is most often observed in these processes. Hence compounds of and are reduced relatively easily, as it was shown with PVA as a model compound. A graft copolymer of cellulose is reduced in a similar manner. The degree of reduction depends on the pH of reaction medium (maximum of 70% at pH 4.5-5.0), and if die resulting is fuUy bound to the polymer. 

Graft copolymers of cellulose and poly(itaconic acid) have been prepared for the first time. ... 

Graft copolymers of cellulosic fibers in which the degree of polymerization of the cellulose molecule is about 800 have elastic-recovery properties in the normal usage range for textiles, that is, an 80-95% recovery after about 2-10% elongation at 298 Graft copolymers of cellulosic fibers... 

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